PHP抓取HTTPS网页内容方法及错误处理
最近在研究Hacker News API时遇到一个HTTPS问题。因为所有的Hacker News API都是通过加密的HTTPS协议访问的,跟普通的HTTP协议不同,当使用PHP里的函数 file_get_contents() 来获取API里提供的数据时,出现错误,使用的代码是这样的:
<?php $data = file_get_contents("https://www.scutephp.com"); ......
当运行上面的代码是遇到下面的错误提示:
PHP Warning: file_get_contents(): Unable to find the wrapper "https" - did you forget to enable it when you configured PHP?
为什么会出现这样的错误?
在网上经过一番搜索,发现遇到这样错误的人还不少,问题很直接,是因为在PHP的配置文件里没有开启一个参数,在我本机上是 /apache/bin/php.ini 里的 ;extension=php_openssl.dll 这一项,需要将前面的分号去掉。你可以用下面的脚本来检查你的PHP环境的配置:
$w = stream_get_wrappers(); echo 'openssl: ', extension_loaded ('openssl') ? 'yes':'no', "\n"; echo 'http wrapper: ', in_array('http', $w) ? 'yes':'no', "\n"; echo 'https wrapper: ', in_array('https', $w) ? 'yes':'no', "\n"; echo 'wrappers: ', var_dump($w);
运行上面的这个脚本片段,在我的机器上得到的结果是:
openssl: no http wrapper: yes https wrapper: no wrappers: array(10) { [0]=> string(3) "php" [1]=> string(4) "file" [2]=> string(4) "glob" [3]=> string(4) "data" [4]=> string(4) "http" [5]=> string(3) "ftp" [6]=> string(3) "zip" [7]=> string(13) "compress.zlib" [8]=> string(14) "compress.bzip2" [9]=> string(4) "phar" }
替代方案
发现错误,改正错误,这很简单,困难的是,发现错误后无法改正错误。我原本是想将这个脚本方法远程主机上,但我无法修改远程主机的PHP配置,结果是,我无法使用这一方案,但我们不能在一棵树上吊死,这条路走不通,看看有没有其它路。
另外一个我经常用的PHP里抓取内容的函数是 curl ,它比 file_get_contents() 更强大,提供了很多的可选参数。对于访问 HTTPS 内容的问题,我们需要使用的 CURL 配置参数是:
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE);
你可以从语义上看出,它是忽略/跳过了SSL安全验证。也许这不是一个很好的做法,但对于普通的场景中,这几经足够了。
下面是利用 Curl 封装的一个能访问HTTPS内容的函数:
function getHTTPS($url) { $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, false); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_REFERER, $url); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, TRUE); $result = curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); return $result; }

PHP is used to build dynamic websites, and its core functions include: 1. Generate dynamic content and generate web pages in real time by connecting with the database; 2. Process user interaction and form submissions, verify inputs and respond to operations; 3. Manage sessions and user authentication to provide a personalized experience; 4. Optimize performance and follow best practices to improve website efficiency and security.

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PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on project needs and personal preferences. 1.PHP is suitable for rapid development and maintenance of large-scale web applications. 2. Python dominates the field of data science and machine learning.

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PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

PHP is still dynamic and still occupies an important position in the field of modern programming. 1) PHP's simplicity and powerful community support make it widely used in web development; 2) Its flexibility and stability make it outstanding in handling web forms, database operations and file processing; 3) PHP is constantly evolving and optimizing, suitable for beginners and experienced developers.


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