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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial编写不受魔术引号影响的php应用

阅读前提:你必须看过php手册上的"第IV部分安全"的"第10章魔术引号"。如果没看过,也没问题,现在马上花10分钟先看一下php手册上的这东西。

魔术引号(Magic Quote)是一个自动将进入 PHP 脚本的数据进行转义的过程

你可能想让你的程序兼容多个数据库,但你使用的不同的数据库可能使用不同的转义符,而我们的程序又有可能运行在不同的php.ini配置的主机上,关于magic_quotes的配置又可能不一样,所以编写不受魔术引号影响的php应用是高兼容性的php应用所必须的。

php.ini中有三个魔术引号配置选项:

  魔术引号配置选项   描述  运行时改变 在 PHP中的默认值为 
  magic_quotes_gpc 如果打开的话,影响到 HTTP 请求数据(GET,POST 和 COOKIE)。  不能  On
 magic_quotes_runtime 如果打开的话,大部份从外部来源取得数据并返回的函数,包括从数据库和文本文件,所返回的数据都会被反斜线转义。(前提是magic_quotes_gpc = On)  能  Off
 magic_quotes_sybase

当关闭时,所有的 '(单引号),"(双引号),/(反斜线)和 NULL 字符都会被自动加上一个反斜线进行转义。这和 addslashes() 作用完全相同。
    如果打开的话,将会使用单引号对单引号进行转义而非反斜线。此选项会完全覆盖 magic_quotes_gpc。如果同时打开两个选项的话,单引号将会被转义成 ''。而双引号、反斜线 和 NULL 字符将不会进行转义。 
(前提是magic_quotes_gpc = On)

 能  Off

 

    但是要处理外部传来的全局变量就比较麻烦了。

要 处理外部超级变量,我们要看magic_quotes_gpc是否已经打开(如果magic_quotes_gpc没打开,而 magic_quotes_sybase打开,magic_quotes_sybase也不起作用),还要看magic_quotes_sybase是否 打开,再看我们的程序需要对外部变量用addslashes转义方式还是使用magic_quotes_sybase式的转义方式。下面的代码是一个具体 的实现。

    有人可能说,当magic_quotes_gpc设成On,而magic_quotes_sybase设成Off,那么直接用 ini_set('magic_quotes_sybase', 1);就能让系统用'来对addslashes式的转义进行覆盖。这样是不行的。你用ini_get('magic_quotes_sybase')输出 看下配置,magic_quotes_sybase的确被改变了,但是你的代码就是不能用'转义符覆盖addslashes式的自动转义。这是因为系统获 取外部变量的时候,是在你的ini_set('magic_quotes_sybase', 1);之前完成的。

 

/**
 * 解决不受magic_quotes影响的php应用
 *
 * 使用这个处理办法需要配置是否使用magic_quotes_sybase, 以适应不同的DBMS
 *
 * 设置方法:
 * $useQuotesSybase[数据库名] = 1;
 * 如:使用sqlite,则定义并初始化 $useQuotesSybase['sqlite'] = 1;
 * 如果使用mysql,可以定义并初始化 $useQuotesSybase['sqlite'] = 0; 也可以不定义
 *
 * CONFIG_DB_DBMS 为所用的DBMS的常量, 在别处定义。比如 define('CONFIG_DB_DBMS', 'mysql');
 *
 * @author 流水孟春 cmpan(at)qq.com
 * @link http://lib.cublog.cn
 * $date 2007.11.18
 */
error_reporting(E_ALL);
set_magic_quotes_runtime(0);
define('CONFIG_DB_DBMS', 'sqlite'); // 测试用

// 使用 ' 做转义符的数据库
$useQuotesSybase = array();
$useQuotesSybase['sqlite'] = 1;
$useQuotesSybase['sybase'] = 1;

if(!empty($_POST)) $_POST = array_map('quotesOuterVars', $_POST);
if(!empty($_GET)) $_GET = array_map('quotesOuterVars', $_GET);
$_COOKIE = array_map('quotesOuterVars', $_COOKIE);
$_REQUEST = array_map('quotesOuterVars', $_REQUEST);

function quotesOuterVars($var) {
    if (is_array($var)) {
        return array_map('quotesOuterVars',$var);
    } else {
        if (get_magic_quotes_gpc()) {
            if (isset($GLOBALS['useQuotesSybase'][CONFIG_DB_DBMS]) && $GLOBALS['useQuotesSybase'][CONFIG_DB_DBMS]) {
                // 当前需要以 ' 为转义符
                // 如果 magic_quotes_sybase = Off, 系统将把外部变量 addslashes, 我们得先 stripslashes
                // 否则系统自动把 ' 换成 '',
                if (!ini_get('magic_quotes_sybase')) {
                    $var = stripslashes($var);
                    $var = str_replace("'", "''", $var);
                }
            } else {
                // 当前需要以 / 为转义符
                // 如果 magic_quotes_sybase = On, 我们先把 '' 替换成 ', 然后在 addslashes
                // 否则系统自动quotes
                if (ini_get('magic_quotes_sybase')) {
                    $var = str_replace("'", "''", $var);
                    $var = addslashes($var);
                }
            }
        } else{
            if (isset($GLOBALS['useQuotesSybase'][CONFIG_DB_DBMS]) && $GLOBALS['useQuotesSybase'][CONFIG_DB_DBMS]) {
                $var = str_replace("'", "''", $var);
            } else {
                $var = addslashes($var);
            }
        }

        return trim($var);
    }
}


    从上面的表我们可以看出,对于magic_quotes_runtime,我在程序中用 ini_set('magic_quotes_runtime', 0);就可以把它关掉,然后可以用自己的方法来处理来自数据库或文件的数据。


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