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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial基于swoole的task功能实现程序内的map-reduce

Swoole扩展自带的Task进程功能非常强大,可以用来实现各种复杂的业务逻辑。本文主要介绍使用task/finish功能实现程序内的Map-Reduce并发任务处理。一个聊天服务经常会有群聊需求,我的群组和群组内成员,另外群组内成员需要按照积分排序,类似与这样的功能就可以使用Swoole简单实现。

传统多线程方案

创建2个全局变量Map,group_map以group_id为Key,存储成员set。user_map以uid为Key存储当前用户加入的所有group。

多线程环境下实际上不能直接操作这2个Map,必须要加锁。当添加用户到一个组或者用户退出一个组时需要操作这2个map,必须要加锁。如果操作很频繁,实际上锁的碰撞是很严重的,这部分操作就会变成串行的。同时只有一个线程可以对map进行操作。锁的争抢也会带来大量线程切换浪费很多CPU资源。

lock.lock();group_map[group_id].append([uid, score]);user_map[uid].append(group_id);group_map.sortByScore();lock.unlock();

基于Swoole的Task功能

基于Swoole的Task功能,可以将任务切片,然后hash投递到不同的Task进程,完成任务。排序功能可以直接使用PHP提供的 SplHeap 实现,时间复杂度为O(logn),如果要实现查询功能,如根据UID查询用户加入的所有群组,根据GroupId查询有哪些成员。可以先计算Hash找到对应Task进程,然后通过task/taskwait发送指令,直接读取进程的变量查找到信息。

$serv->set(array("task_worker_num" => 24));$serv->task(array("cmd" => "user", "uid" => $uid, "gid" => $gid, "score" => $score), $gid % $task_worker_num);$serv->task(array("cmd" => "group", "uid" => $uid, "gid" => $gid), $uid % $task_worker_num);class MyMaxHeap extends SplHeap{    public function compare($value1, $value2)    {        return ($value1['score'] - $value2['score']);    }}function onTask($serv, $taskId, $srcWorkerId, $data) {    static $userMap = array();    static $groupMap = array();        if ($data['cmd'] == 'group')    {        if (!isset($groupMap[$data['gid']]))        {            $groupMap[$data['gid']] = new MyMaxHeap();        }        $heap = $groupMap[$data['gid']];        $heap->insert(array("uid" => $data['uid'], "score" => $data['score']));    }    elseif ($data['cmd'] == 'user')    {        $userMap[$data['uid']][] = $data['gid'];    }}

由于Task进程只有数组操作,所以是非阻塞的,只需要开启与CPU核数相同的进程数量即可。进程间无任何加锁争抢,性能非常好。Swoole的Task进程通信使用UnixSocket,是内核提供的全内存通信方式无任何IO,一写一读单进程可达100万/秒。虽然没有直接读变量的速度快,但性能也足够了。

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