问题提出:
有时候我们采集网页,处理完毕后将字符串保存到文件或者写入数据库,这时候需要制定字符串的编码,如果采集网页的编码是gb2312,而我们的数据库是utf-8的,这样不做任何处理直接插入数据库可能会乱码(没测试过,不知道数据库会不会自动转码),我们需要手动将gb2312转换成utf-8。
首先我们知道,python里的字符默认是ascii码,英文当然没问题啦,碰到中文的时候立马给跪。
不知道你还记不记得,python里打印中文汉字的时候需要在字符串前面加 u:
print u"来搞基吗?"
这样子中文才能显示,这里面的u的作用就是将后面的字符串转换为unicode码,这样中文才能得到正确的显示。
这里与之相关的有一个unicode()函数,用法如下
str="来搞基" str=unicode(str,"utf-8") print str
与u的区别是,这里用unicode将str转换为unicode编码,需要正确指定第二个参数,这里的utf-8是我test.py脚本自身的文件字符集,默认的可能是ansi。
unicode这是一个关键,下面继续
我们开始抓取百度首页,注意,游客访问百度首页,查看网页源代码,它的charset=gb2312。
import urllib2 def main(): f=urllib2.urlopen("http://www.baidu.com") str=f.read() str=unicode(str,"gb2312") fp=open("baidu.html","w") fp.write(str.encode("utf-8")) fp.close() if __name__ == '__main__' : main()
解释:
我们首先用urllib2.urlopen()方法将百度首页抓取到,f是句柄 ,用str=f.read()将所有源代码读入str中
搞清楚,str里面就是我们抓取的html源代码,由于网页默认的字符集是gb2312,所以如果我们直接保存到文件中,文件编码将是ansi。
对于大部分人来说,其实这就足够了,但是有时候我就想把gb2312转换成utf-8的该怎么办呢?
首先:
str=unicode(str,"gb2312") #这里的gb2312就是str的实际字符集,我们现在将其转换成unicode
然后:
str=str.encode("utf-8") #将unicode的字符串重新编码成utf-8
最后:
将str写入到文件中,打开文件看一下编码属性,发现是utf-8的了,把utf-8

SlicingaPythonlistisdoneusingthesyntaxlist[start:stop:step].Here'showitworks:1)Startistheindexofthefirstelementtoinclude.2)Stopistheindexofthefirstelementtoexclude.3)Stepistheincrementbetweenelements.It'susefulforextractingportionsoflistsandcanuseneg

NumPyallowsforvariousoperationsonarrays:1)Basicarithmeticlikeaddition,subtraction,multiplication,anddivision;2)Advancedoperationssuchasmatrixmultiplication;3)Element-wiseoperationswithoutexplicitloops;4)Arrayindexingandslicingfordatamanipulation;5)Ag

ArraysinPython,particularlythroughNumPyandPandas,areessentialfordataanalysis,offeringspeedandefficiency.1)NumPyarraysenableefficienthandlingoflargedatasetsandcomplexoperationslikemovingaverages.2)PandasextendsNumPy'scapabilitieswithDataFramesforstruc

ListsandNumPyarraysinPythonhavedifferentmemoryfootprints:listsaremoreflexiblebutlessmemory-efficient,whileNumPyarraysareoptimizedfornumericaldata.1)Listsstorereferencestoobjects,withoverheadaround64byteson64-bitsystems.2)NumPyarraysstoredatacontiguou

ToensurePythonscriptsbehavecorrectlyacrossdevelopment,staging,andproduction,usethesestrategies:1)Environmentvariablesforsimplesettings,2)Configurationfilesforcomplexsetups,and3)Dynamicloadingforadaptability.Eachmethodoffersuniquebenefitsandrequiresca

The basic syntax for Python list slicing is list[start:stop:step]. 1.start is the first element index included, 2.stop is the first element index excluded, and 3.step determines the step size between elements. Slices are not only used to extract data, but also to modify and invert lists.

Listsoutperformarraysin:1)dynamicsizingandfrequentinsertions/deletions,2)storingheterogeneousdata,and3)memoryefficiencyforsparsedata,butmayhaveslightperformancecostsincertainoperations.

ToconvertaPythonarraytoalist,usethelist()constructororageneratorexpression.1)Importthearraymoduleandcreateanarray.2)Uselist(arr)or[xforxinarr]toconvertittoalist,consideringperformanceandmemoryefficiencyforlargedatasets.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Dreamweaver Mac version
Visual web development tools

WebStorm Mac version
Useful JavaScript development tools

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows
This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

EditPlus Chinese cracked version
Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse
Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.
