search
HomeBackend DevelopmentPython Tutorialpython基于mysql实现的简单队列以及跨进程锁实例详解

通常在我们进行多进程应用开发的过程中,不可避免的会遇到多个进程访问同一个资源(临界资源)的状况,这时候必须通过加一个全局性的锁,来实现资源的同步访问(即:同一时间里只能有一个进程访问资源)。

举个例子如下:

假设我们用mysql来实现一个任务队列,实现的过程如下:

1. 在Mysql中创建Job表,用于储存队列任务,如下:

create table jobs(
  id auto_increment not null primary key,
  message text not null,
  job_status not null default 0
);

message 用来存储任务信息,job_status用来标识任务状态,假设只有两种状态,0:在队列中, 1:已出队列 
 
2. 有一个生产者进程,往job表中放新的数据,进行排队:

insert into jobs(message) values('msg1');

3.假设有多个消费者进程,从job表中取排队信息,要做的操作如下:

select * from jobs where job_status=0 order by id asc limit 1;
update jobs set job_status=1 where id = ?; -- id为刚刚取得的记录id

4. 如果没有跨进程的锁,两个消费者进程有可能同时取到重复的消息,导致一个消息被消费多次。这种情况是我们不希望看到的,于是,我们需要实现一个跨进程的锁。

=========================分割线=======================================

说到跨进程的锁实现,我们主要有几种实现方式:

(1)信号量
(2)文件锁fcntl
(3)socket(端口号绑定)
(4)signal
这几种方式各有利弊,总体来说前2种方式可能多一点,这里我就不详细说了,大家可以去查阅资料。
 
查资料的时候发现mysql中有锁的实现,适用于对于性能要求不是很高的应用场景,大并发的分布式访问可能会有瓶颈.
 
对此用python实现了一个demo,如下:
 
文件名:glock.py

#!/usr/bin/env python2.7 
# 
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 
# 
#  Desc  : 
# 
import logging, time 
import MySQLdb 
class Glock: 
  def __init__(self, db): 
    self.db = db 
  def _execute(self, sql): 
    cursor = self.db.cursor() 
    try: 
      ret = None 
      cursor.execute(sql) 
      if cursor.rowcount != 1: 
        logging.error("Multiple rows returned in mysql lock function.") 
        ret = None 
      else: 
        ret = cursor.fetchone() 
      cursor.close() 
      return ret 
    except Exception, ex: 
      logging.error("Execute sql \"%s\" failed! Exception: %s", sql, str(ex)) 
      cursor.close() 
      return None 
  def lock(self, lockstr, timeout): 
    sql = "SELECT GET_LOCK('%s', %s)" % (lockstr, timeout) 
    ret = self._execute(sql) 
 
    if ret[0] == 0: 
      logging.debug("Another client has previously locked '%s'.", lockstr) 
      return False 
    elif ret[0] == 1: 
      logging.debug("The lock '%s' was obtained successfully.", lockstr) 
      return True 
    else: 
      logging.error("Error occurred!") 
      return None 
  def unlock(self, lockstr): 
    sql = "SELECT RELEASE_LOCK('%s')" % (lockstr) 
    ret = self._execute(sql) 
    if ret[0] == 0: 
      logging.debug("The lock '%s' the lock is not released(the lock was not established by this thread).", lockstr) 
      return False 
    elif ret[0] == 1: 
      logging.debug("The lock '%s' the lock was released.", lockstr) 
      return True 
    else: 
      logging.error("The lock '%s' did not exist.", lockstr) 
      return None 
#Init logging 
def init_logging(): 
  sh = logging.StreamHandler() 
  logger = logging.getLogger() 
  logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) 
  formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s -%(module)s:%(filename)s-L%(lineno)d-%(levelname)s: %(message)s') 
  sh.setFormatter(formatter) 
  logger.addHandler(sh) 
  logging.info("Current log level is : %s",logging.getLevelName(logger.getEffectiveLevel())) 
def main(): 
  init_logging() 
  db = MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='') 
  lock_name = 'queue' 
 
  l = Glock(db) 
 
  ret = l.lock(lock_name, 10) 
  if ret != True: 
    logging.error("Can't get lock! exit!") 
    quit() 
  time.sleep(10) 
  logging.info("You can do some synchronization work across processes!") 
  ##TODO 
  ## you can do something in here ## 
  l.unlock(lock_name) 
if __name__ == "__main__": 
  main() 

在main函数里:

l.lock(lock_name, 10) 中,10是表示timeout的时间是10秒,如果10秒还获取不了锁,就返回,执行后面的操作。
 
在这个demo中,在标记TODO的地方,可以将消费者从job表中取消息的逻辑放在这里。即分割线以上的.

2.假设有多个消费者进程,从job表中取排队信息,要做的操作如下:

select * from jobs where job_status=0 order by id asc limit 1;
update jobs set job_status=1 where id = ?; -- id为刚刚取得的记录id

这样,就能保证多个进程访问临界资源时同步进行了,保证数据的一致性。
 
测试的时候,启动两个glock.py, 结果如下:

[@tj-10-47 test]# ./glock.py  
2014-03-14 17:08:40,277 -glock:glock.py-L70-INFO: Current log level is : DEBUG 
2014-03-14 17:08:40,299 -glock:glock.py-L43-DEBUG: The lock 'queue' was obtained successfully. 
2014-03-14 17:08:50,299 -glock:glock.py-L81-INFO: You can do some synchronization work across processes! 
2014-03-14 17:08:50,299 -glock:glock.py-L56-DEBUG: The lock 'queue' the lock was released. 

可以看到第一个glock.py是 17:08:50解锁的,下面的glock.py是在17:08:50获取锁的,可以证实这样是完全可行的。

[@tj-10-47 test]# ./glock.py 
2014-03-14 17:08:46,873 -glock:glock.py-L70-INFO: Current log level is : DEBUG
2014-03-14 17:08:50,299 -glock:glock.py-L43-DEBUG: The lock 'queue' was obtained successfully.
2014-03-14 17:09:00,299 -glock:glock.py-L81-INFO: You can do some synchronization work across processes!
2014-03-14 17:09:00,300 -glock:glock.py-L56-DEBUG: The lock 'queue' the lock was released.
[@tj-10-47 test]#

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Python: compiler or Interpreter?Python: compiler or Interpreter?May 13, 2025 am 12:10 AM

Python is an interpreted language, but it also includes the compilation process. 1) Python code is first compiled into bytecode. 2) Bytecode is interpreted and executed by Python virtual machine. 3) This hybrid mechanism makes Python both flexible and efficient, but not as fast as a fully compiled language.

Python For Loop vs While Loop: When to Use Which?Python For Loop vs While Loop: When to Use Which?May 13, 2025 am 12:07 AM

Useaforloopwheniteratingoverasequenceorforaspecificnumberoftimes;useawhileloopwhencontinuinguntilaconditionismet.Forloopsareidealforknownsequences,whilewhileloopssuitsituationswithundeterminediterations.

Python loops: The most common errorsPython loops: The most common errorsMay 13, 2025 am 12:07 AM

Pythonloopscanleadtoerrorslikeinfiniteloops,modifyinglistsduringiteration,off-by-oneerrors,zero-indexingissues,andnestedloopinefficiencies.Toavoidthese:1)Use'i

For loop and while loop in Python: What are the advantages of each?For loop and while loop in Python: What are the advantages of each?May 13, 2025 am 12:01 AM

Forloopsareadvantageousforknowniterationsandsequences,offeringsimplicityandreadability;whileloopsareidealfordynamicconditionsandunknowniterations,providingcontrolovertermination.1)Forloopsareperfectforiteratingoverlists,tuples,orstrings,directlyacces

Python: A Deep Dive into Compilation and InterpretationPython: A Deep Dive into Compilation and InterpretationMay 12, 2025 am 12:14 AM

Pythonusesahybridmodelofcompilationandinterpretation:1)ThePythoninterpretercompilessourcecodeintoplatform-independentbytecode.2)ThePythonVirtualMachine(PVM)thenexecutesthisbytecode,balancingeaseofusewithperformance.

Is Python an interpreted or a compiled language, and why does it matter?Is Python an interpreted or a compiled language, and why does it matter?May 12, 2025 am 12:09 AM

Pythonisbothinterpretedandcompiled.1)It'scompiledtobytecodeforportabilityacrossplatforms.2)Thebytecodeistheninterpreted,allowingfordynamictypingandrapiddevelopment,thoughitmaybeslowerthanfullycompiledlanguages.

For Loop vs While Loop in Python: Key Differences ExplainedFor Loop vs While Loop in Python: Key Differences ExplainedMay 12, 2025 am 12:08 AM

Forloopsareidealwhenyouknowthenumberofiterationsinadvance,whilewhileloopsarebetterforsituationswhereyouneedtoloopuntilaconditionismet.Forloopsaremoreefficientandreadable,suitableforiteratingoversequences,whereaswhileloopsoffermorecontrolandareusefulf

For and While loops: a practical guideFor and While loops: a practical guideMay 12, 2025 am 12:07 AM

Forloopsareusedwhenthenumberofiterationsisknowninadvance,whilewhileloopsareusedwhentheiterationsdependonacondition.1)Forloopsareidealforiteratingoversequenceslikelistsorarrays.2)Whileloopsaresuitableforscenarioswheretheloopcontinuesuntilaspecificcond

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Dreamweaver Mac version

Dreamweaver Mac version

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

EditPlus Chinese cracked version

EditPlus Chinese cracked version

Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

SecLists

SecLists

SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.