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PHP初步
发布于学子博客作为新成员的PHP初次培训总结文章。

1.PHP是一门简单的可嵌入HTML的脚本语言,但是它同时是一门非常灵活的语言,PHP5开始支持面向对象的特性。借助PHP了解面向对象的思想也许更好。PHP中文手册地址:

http://php.net/manual/zh/index.php    
BTW,许多语言和框架都有非常丰富的文档,常翻翻有助增进理解。


2.PHP是一门解释性动态语言。计算机只能够读懂机器语言,而类似C、C++、PHP之类的高级语言计算机是不可能读懂的,所以需要将高级语言翻译成为机器语言,而翻译的方法有两种:编译和解释。

编译:也就是类似于C语言这种,在完成代码编写后,将代码一次编译成二进制文件,比如常见的.exe文件,而这样之后的执行将直接执行这些已编译的文件,不需重新编译。

解释:在每次运行之前都对代码进行解释,这个工作一般是由解释器来进行的。

正因为PHP是一门解释性语言,所以它具有动态的特性。



3.PHP是弱类型语言。

弱类型是对应于强类型而言的。比如C、C++之类的语言在定义变量的时候同时要对变量的类型进行声明,并且严格控制变量数据类型,在代码中如果试图将不同类型值赋给变量会产生错误或者导致类型强制转换。而弱类型语言在变量声明中不需要指定变量的数据类型,并且运行期间对变量的类型无强制要求。



4.PHP的解释机制

PHP脚本每次在被解释的时候所有资源进行初始化,包括数据库连接、文件句柄、socket连接等,而在PHP脚本运行结束后所有资源将会被释放掉,并且每个请求都会创建单独的进程或线程。所以基于这种机制,PHP是无法在两个页面之间共享数据的,也无法创建驻留内存的数据。

更多参考:http://www.bloggern.com/1557.html



5.PHP中的数组以键值对(键=>值)的形式出现,并且和C语言不同的是PHP语言中的数组的成员数据类型并不是统一的,键值对形式如下:

$arr = array(‘key1′ => ‘string’,

‘key2′=> 1000

);

6.比较有用的输出方法:

除了echo,PHP也有许多不同的输出函数,比如var_dump,可以将变量相关的信息和数据打印出来,配合die函数可是对PHP脚本进行数据的查看和bug查找。

7.PHP中的”双引号“和‘单引号’都指示了字符串,而它们的区别在于双引号内的变量会被执行,但是单引号内的变量不会被执行,例如:
<?php $var = 10;

echo “I have $var apples!”;          //输出:I have 10 apples!

echo ‘I have $var apples!’;           //输出: I have $var apples!

?>
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