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php中双冒号的应用

php类代码中常看到"::"的操作符,这个是作用域限定操作符,是用一个双冒号"::"表示,它用来置顶类中不同作用域的级别。左边是作用域右边是访问作用域的成员。

在php中定义的作用域有self和parent两种(在php6中提供了static作用域)。

self:表示当前类的作用域,与this不同的是它不表示类的某个特定实例,在类之外的代码中不能使用self,而且它不能识别自己在继承中层次的位置。也就是说,当在扩展类中使用self时,它调用的不是父类的方法,而是扩展类的重载的方法。


parent:表示当前类父类的作用域,其余的跟self特性一样。


举例说明php双冒号::操作符:

?

Php代码 复制代码
  1. class?forasp{ ??
  2. ??static?$url="http://blog.csdn.net/abandonship"; ??
  3. ??static?$webname?=?"PHP学习之双冒号的用法"; ??
  4. ??public?function?writeurl(){ ??
  5. ????echo?self::$url;//调用自己的内容 ??
  6. ??} ??
  7. ??public?function?writewebname(){ ??
  8. ????echo?"测试子类调用父类内容"; ??
  9. ??} ??
  10. } ??
  11. ??
  12. class?cn?extends?forasp{ ??
  13. ??function?father(){ ??
  14. ????parent::wirtewebname(); ??
  15. ??} ??
  16. } ??
  17. ??
  18. $a?=?new?forasp();//实例化父类 ??
  19. $a->writeurl();//调用自身内容 ??
  20. $b?=?new?cn(); ??
  21. $b->writewebname();//调用父类内容 ??
  22. ?>??

?

在调用静态方法中也可以使用::来调用类中的静态方法或者属性,这样可以减少资源使用,因为每个类的实例都会占有一部分资源。


php6中提出static::作用域,是我们不再需要self::和parent::。希望指向最终的实现功能的类时,就用static::,这个限定符会在代码执行前立即计算出继承层中最后那个类的成员,这一过程叫做延迟绑定。

“双冒号操作符”也或称为“作用域限定操作符”(Scope Resolution Operator)可以访问静态、const和类中重写的属性与方法。
在类定义外使用的话,使用类名调用。在PHP 5.3.0,可以使用变量代替类名。


Program List:用变量在类定义外部访问

Php代码 复制代码
  1. class?Fruit?{ ??
  2. ??const?CONST_VALUE?=?'Fruit?Color'; ??
  3. } ??
  4. $classname?=?'Fruit'; ??
  5. echo?$classname::CONST_VALUE;?//?As?of?PHP?5.3.0 ??
  6. echo?Fruit::CONST_VALUE; ??
  7. ?>??

?

Program List:在类定义外部使用双冒号(::)

Php代码 复制代码
  1. class?Fruit?{ ??
  2. ??const?CONST_VALUE?=?'Fruit?Color'; ??
  3. } ??
  4. class?Apple?extends?Fruit ??
  5. { ??
  6. ??public?static?$color?=?'Red'; ??
  7. ??public?static?function?doubleColon()?{ ??
  8. ????echo?parent::CONST_VALUE?.?"\n"; ??
  9. ????echo?self::$color?.?"\n"; ??
  10. ??} ??
  11. } ??
  12. Apple::doubleColon(); ??
  13. ?>??

?

程序运行结果:

Fruit Color Red

Program List:调用parent方法

?

Php代码 复制代码
  1. class?Fruit ??
  2. { ??
  3. ????protected?function?showColor()?{ ??
  4. ????????echo?"Fruit::showColor()\n"; ??
  5. ????} ??
  6. } ??
  7. ??
  8. class?Apple?extends?Fruit ??
  9. { ??
  10. ????//?Override?parent's?definition ??
  11. ????public?function?showColor() ??
  12. ????{ ??
  13. ????????//?But?still?call?the?parent?function ??
  14. ????????parent::showColor(); ??
  15. ????????echo?"Apple::showColor()\n"; ??
  16. ????} ??
  17. } ??
  18. ??
  19. $apple?=?new?Apple(); ??
  20. $apple->showColor(); ??
  21. ?>??

?

程序运行结果:
Fruit::showColor()
Apple::showColor()

?

Program List:使用作用域限定符

?

Php代码 复制代码
  1. ????class?Apple ??
  2. ????{ ??
  3. ????????public?function?showColor() ??
  4. ????????{ ??
  5. ????????????return?$this->color; ??
  6. ????????} ??
  7. ????} ??
  8. ????class?Banana ??
  9. ????{ ??
  10. ????????public?$color; ??
  11. ????????public?function?__construct() ??
  12. ????????{ ??
  13. ????????????$this->color?=?"Banana?is?yellow"; ??
  14. ????????} ??
  15. ????????public?function?GetColor() ??
  16. ????????{ ??
  17. ????????????return?Apple::showColor(); ??
  18. ????????} ??
  19. ????} ??
  20. ????$banana?=?new?Banana; ??
  21. ????echo?$banana->GetColor(); ??
  22. ?>??

?

程序运行结果:
Banana is yellow

Program List:调用基类的方法

Php代码 复制代码
  1. ??
  2. class?Fruit ??
  3. { ??
  4. ????static?function?color() ??
  5. ????{ ??
  6. ????????return?"color"; ??
  7. ????} ??
  8. ??
  9. ????static?function?showColor() ??
  10. ????{ ??
  11. ????????echo?"show?"?.?self::color(); ??
  12. ????} ??
  13. } ??
  14. ??
  15. class?Apple?extends?Fruit ??
  16. { ??
  17. ????static?function?color() ??
  18. ????{ ??
  19. ????????return?"red"; ??
  20. ????} ??
  21. } ??
  22. ??
  23. Apple::showColor(); ??
  24. //?output?is?"show?color"! ??
  25. ??
  26. ?>??

?

程序运行结果:
show color

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