php class中self,parent,this的区别,以及实例
我容易混淆public,private,protected,还容易混淆this,self这些东西。前面已经写了一篇关于public,private,protected 博文了,下面来说一下this,self,parent的用法
一,this
1,要用this,你必有是一个对像的形势,不然它会报错的,Fatal error: Using $this when not in object context。
2,this可以调用本类中的方法和属性,也可以调用父类中的可以调的方法和属性
二,self
1,self可以访问本类中的静态属性和静态方法,可以访问父类中的静态属性和静态方法。
2,用self时,可以不用实例化的
三,parent
1,parent可以访问父类中的静态属性和静态方法。
2,用parent时,可以不用实例化的
<?php class test{ public $public; private $private; protected $protected; static $instance; static $good = 'tankzhang <br>'; public $tank = 'zhangying <br>'; public function __construct(){ $this->public = 'public <br>'; $this->private = 'private <br>'; $this->protected = 'protected <br>'; } public function tank(){ //私有方法不能继承,换成public,protected if (!isset(self::$instance[get_class()])) { $c = get_class(); self::$instance = new $c; } return self::$instance; } public function pub_function() { echo "you request public function<br>"; echo $this->public; } protected function pro_function(){ echo "you request protected function<br>"; echo $this->protected; } private function pri_function(){ echo "you request private function<br>"; echo $this->private; } static function sta_function(){ echo "you request static function<br>"; } } class test1 extends test{ static $love = "tank <br>"; private $aaaaaaa = "ying <br>"; public function __construct(){ parent::tank(); parent::__construct(); } public function tank(){ echo $this->public; echo $this->protected; echo $this->aaaaaaa; $this->pro_function(); } public function test1_function(){ echo self::$love; echo self::$good; echo parent::$good; echo parent::$tank; //Fatal error: Access to undeclared static property: test::$tank echo self::$tank; //Fatal error: Access to undeclared static property: test::$tank } static function extends_function(){ parent::sta_function(); self::pro_function(); echo "you request extends_private function<br>"; } } error_reporting(E_ALL); $test = new test1(); $test->tank(); //子类和父类有相同名字的属性和方法,实例化子类时,会调用子类中的方法。 test1::test1_function(); test1::extends_function(); //执行一部分后,报Fatal error: Using $this when not in object context in D:\xampp\htdocs\mytest\www4.php on line 32 ?>?
1,当我们调用$test->tank(); 这个方法时,tank里面的$this是一个对像 ,这个对像可以调用本类,父类中的方法和属性,
2,test1::test1_function(); 当我们用静态的方法去调用非静态方法时,会显示警告的,Non-static method test::test1_function() should not be called statically可以看出不,self可以调用本类,父类中的静态属性 ,parent可以调用父类中的静态属性 ,二者调用非静态属性会报错。代码中有注释
3,test1::extends_function(); 这一步会报错,报在非对像中使用$this 。为什么会这样呢,test1::extends_function();只是调用了class中的一个方法,并没有实例化,所以根本不存在什么对像,当父类中用到$this时,就会报错

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