使用PHP的cURL库可以简单和有效地去抓网页。你只需要运行一个脚本,然后分析一下你所抓取的网页,然后就可以以程序的方式得到你想要的数据了。无论是你想从从一个链接上取部分数据,或是取一个XML文件并把其导入数据库,那怕就是简单的获取网页内容,cURL 是一个功能强大的PHP库。本文主要讲述如果使用这个PHP库。
启用 cURL 设置
首先,我们得先要确定我们的PHP是否开启了这个库,你可以通过使用php_info()函数来得到这一信息。
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
如果你可以在网页上看到下面的输出,那么表示cURL库已被开启。
如果你看到的话,那么你需要设置你的PHP并开启这个库。如果你是在Windows平台下,那么非常简单,你需要改一改你的php.ini文件的设置,找到php_curl.dll,并取消前面的分号注释就行了。如下所示:
//取消下在的注释 extension=php_curl.dll
如果你是在Linux下面,那么,你需要重新编译你的PHP了,编辑时,你需要打开编译参数——在configure命令上加上“–with-curl” 参数。
一个小示例
如果一切就绪,下面是一个小例程:
<?php // 初始化一个 cURL 对象 $curl= curl_init(); // 设置你需要抓取的URL curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://www.daimami.com'); // 设置header curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1); // 设置cURL 参数,要求结果保存到字符串中还是输出到屏幕上。 curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); // 运行cURL,请求网页 $data= curl_exec($curl); // 关闭URL请求 curl_close($curl); // 显示获得的数据 var_dump($data);
如何POST数据
上面是抓取网页的代码,下面则是向某个网页POST数据。假设我们有一个处理表单的网址http://www.example.com/sendSMS.php,其可以接受两个表单域,一个是电话号码,一个是短信内容。
<?php $phoneNumber= '13912345678'; $message= 'This message was generated by curl and php'; $curlPost= 'pNUMBER=' . urlencode($phoneNumber) . '&MESSAGE='. urlencode($message) . '&SUBMIT=Send'; $ch= curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://www.daimami.com'); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $curlPost); $data= curl_exec(); curl_close($ch); ?>
从上面的程序我们可以看到,使用CURLOPT_POST设置HTTP协议的POST方法,而不是GET方法,然后以CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS设置POST的数据。
关于代理服务器
下面是一个如何使用代理服务器的示例。请注意其中高亮的代码,代码很简单,我就不用多说了。
<?php $ch= curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://www.daimami.com'); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPPROXYTUNNEL, 1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PROXY, 'proxy.com:1080'); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD, 'user:password'); $data= curl_exec(); curl_close($ch); ?>
关于SSL和Cookie
关于SSL也就是HTTPS协议,你只需要把CURLOPT_URL连接中的http://变成https://就可以了。当然,还有一个参数叫CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST可以设置为验证站点。
关于Cookie,你需要了解下面三个参数:
CURLOPT_COOKIE,在当面的会话中设置一个cookie
CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR,当会话结束的时候保存一个Cookie
CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE,Cookie的文件。
HTTP服务器认证
最后,我们来看一看HTTP服务器认证的情况。
<?php $ch= curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://www.daimami.com'); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH, CURLAUTH_BASIC); curl_setopt(CURLOPT_USERPWD, '[username]:[password]') $data= curl_exec(); curl_close($ch); ?>
关于其它更多的内容,请大家参看相关的cURL手册吧。

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mPDF
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