php设计模式之观察者模式的应用详解
观察者模式:定义对象间一种一对多的依赖关系,当一个对象的状态发生改变时,所有依赖于它的对象都得到通知并自动更新。
观察者类:
1.抽象主题角色:主题角色将所有对观察者对象的引用保存在一个集合中,每个主题可以任意多个观察者。抽象主题提供了增加和删除观察者对象的接口。
2.抽象观察者角色:为所有的具体观察者定义一个接口,在观察的主题发生改变时更新自己
3.具体主题角色:存储相关状态到具体观察者对象,当具体主题的内部状态发生改变时,给所有登记过的观察者发出通知。具体主题角色通常用一个具体子类实现。
4.具体观察者角色:存储一个具体主题对象,存储相关状态,实现抽象观察者角色所要求的更新接口,以使得其自身状态和主题的状态保持一致
作用:
1. 观察者模式的耦合度较小
2.支持广播通信
复制代码 代码如下:
//抽象主题
interface Subject{
public function attach($observer);
public function detach($observer);
public function notifyObservers();
}
//具体主题
class ConcreateSubject implements Subject{
private $_observers;
public function __construct(){
$this->_observers = array();
}
public function attach($observer){
return array_push($this->_observers,$observer);
}
public function detach($observer){
$index = array_search($observer,$this->_observers);
if($index === false || !array_key_exists($index,$this->_observers)){
return false;
}
unset($this->_observer[$index]);
return true;
}
public function notifyObservers(){
if(!is_array($this->_observers)){
return false;
}
foreach($this->_observers as $observer){
$observer->update();
}
return true;
}
}
//抽象观察者
interface Observer{
public function update();
}
//具体观察者
class ConcreteObserver implement Observer{
private $_name;
public function __construct($name){
$this->_name = $name;
}
public function update(){
echo 'Observer',$this->_name.'has notified
';
}
}
//客户端
class Client{
public static function main(){
$subject = new ConcreteSubject();
//新增第一个观察者
$observer1 = new ConcreteObserver('Martin');
$subject->attach($observer1);
//通知
$subject->notifyObservers();
//新增第二个观察者
$observer2 = new ConcreteObserver('jaky');
$subject->attach($observer2);
//通知
$subject->notifyObservers();
//删除观察者1
$subject->deatch($observer1);
//通知
$subject->notifyObservers();
}
}
Client::main();
?>

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