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PHP中单例模式和工厂模式学习总结

<?php	//////////////////////////////////////////////	//单例模式	/**	 *	数据库连接职责的集中控制	 *	声明一个单例类	*/	class Database {			private $_db;	//声明一个私有的实例变量(构造对象时这个变量的值会被填充)		static $_instance	//声明一个静态变量(保存类中仅有的一个实例)				//声明私有构造方法为了防止外部代码使用new操作符来创建对象		private function _construct(){			$this->_db = pg_connect('dbname = example_db');		}				//声明私有_clone方法为了消除php语言中可以复制对象从而破坏单一职责的一个漏洞		private _clone(){};		/**		 *	声明getInstance()静态方法(单例模式实际构造);这个方法会检测静态实例变量是否已保存这个类的一个实例。		 *	假如它没有包含自身的一个实例,那么类会初始化并且保存到$_instance变量中.		 *	下次访问这段代码时,$_instance 变量会保存类的一个实例,并且这个实例不会再次初始化。最后,这个方法返回实例的引用		*/		public static function getInstance(){			if( !(self::$_instance instanceof self) ){				self::$_instance = new self();			}			return self::$_instance;		}				public function query($sql){			return pg_query($this->_db, $sql);//使用$this->_db执行一个查询		}			}		/**	 *	对单例类的使用	*/	$db = Database::getInstance();	$db->query('select * from example_table');		/**	 *	使用不能被实例化的纯静态类	*/	class SomeClass {			//防止类被当作实例使用		private function _construct(){}				public static function SomeMethod(){			//执行一些操作		} 			}		///////////////////////////////////////////////////////	//工厂模式:包含了一个专门用来创建其他对象的方法的类。		/**	 *	创建一个基本的工厂类	*/	class MyObject {			//对象将从工厂返回	}		class MyFactory {			public static function factory(){			//返回对象一个新实例			return new MyObject();		}	}	//调用方法	$instance = MyFactory::factory();//////////////////////////////////////////			//图片对象工厂	/**	 *	使用工厂类解析图片文件	*/	interface IImage {			function getHeight();		function getWidth();		function getData();	}		class Iamge_PNG implements IImage {			private $_width, $_height, $_data;				public function _construct($file){			$this->_file = $_file;			$this->_parse();		}				private function _parse(){			//完成格式化解析工作			//并填充$_width, $_height, $_data		}				public function getWidth(){			return $this->$_width;		}				public function getHeight(){			return $this->$_height;		}				public function getData(){			return $this->$_data;		}			}		class Iamge_JPEG implements IImage {			private $_width, $_height, $_data;				public function _construct($file){			$this->_file = $_file;			$this->_parse();		}				private function _parse(){			//完成格式化解析工作			//并填充$_width, $_height, $_data		}				public function getWidth(){			return $this->$_width;		}				public function getHeight(){			return $this->$_height;		}				public function getData(){			return $this->$_data;		}			}		class ImageFactory {			public static function factory($file){			$pathParts = pathInfo($file);			switch (strtolower($pathParts['extension'])) {				case 'jpg' :					$ret = new Image_JPEG($file);					break;				case 'png' :					$ret = new Image_PNG($file);					break;				case 'gif' :					$ret = new Image_GIF($file);					break;				default;					// PROBLEM			}			if($ret instanceof IImage){				return $ret;			}else{				//problem			}					}		}		//	$image = ImageFactory::factory('/path/to/my.jpg');	//$image现在是Image_JPEG类的一个实例	echo $image->getWidth();			/**	 *	可移植的数据库	 ×	使用工厂类解决数据库可移植问题。	*/	interface IDatabaseBindings {				public function userExists($email);			}		class PGSQL implements IDatabaseBindings {				protected $_connection;		public function _construct() {			$this->$_connection = pg_connect('dbname = example_db');		}		public function userExists($email) {			$emailEscaped = pg_escape_string($email);			$query = 'select 1 from users where email = "'.$emailEscaped.'"';			if ($result = pg_query($query, $this->$_connection)) {				return (pg_num_row($result > 0)) ? true : false;			}else{				return false;			}		}			}			class MYSQL implements IDatabaseBindings() {			protected $_connection;		public function _construct() {			$this->$connection = mysql_connect('localhost');			mysql_select_db('example_db', $this->$_connection );		}		public function userExists($email) {			$emailEscaped = mysql_real_escape_string($email);			$query = 'select 1 from users where email = "'. $emailEscaped .'"';			if ($result = mysql_query($query, $this->$_connection)) {				return (mysql_num_rows($result) > 0 ) ? true : false;			}else{				return false;			}		}		}		class DatabaseFactory {				public static function factory() {					$type = loadtypefromconfigfile();			switch ($type){				case 'PGSQL':					return new PGSQL();					break;				case 'MYSQL':					return new MYSQL();					break;			}				}			}		//用法		$db = DatabaseFactory::factory();	$db->userExists([email&#160;protected]');?>

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