Rounding in Excel: ROUND, ROUNDUP, ROUNDDOWN, FLOOR, CEILING functions

This tutorial explores Excel's rounding functions: ROUND, ROUNDUP, ROUNDDOWN, FLOOR, CEILING, MROUND, and others. It demonstrates how to round decimal numbers to integers or a specific number of decimal places, extract fractional parts, round to the nearest 5, 10, or 100, and more.

Rounding simplifies numbers while maintaining approximate accuracy. It's useful for estimations, communication, and streamlining calculations in everyday life and professional contexts. Excel offers various rounding methods, including rounding to integers, specified increments, and simple fractions.

Formatting vs. Function Rounding

For display purposes only, adjust decimal places directly within cell formatting (Home tab > Number group > Increase/Decrease Decimal). This alters the visual representation but not the underlying cell value. Calculations will still use the original, unrounded value.

Alternatively, use the Format Cells dialog (Ctrl 1 or right-click > Format Cells) to specify the desired number of decimal places.

Excel Rounding Functions

Excel's rounding functions modify the actual cell value.

• ROUND(number, num_digits): Rounds to a specified number of digits. num_digits > 0 rounds to decimal places; num_digits num_digits = 0 rounds to the nearest integer. Standard rounding rules apply (5 or greater rounds up).

  

• ROUNDUP(number, num_digits): Always rounds up (away from zero).

  

• ROUNDDOWN(number, num_digits): Always rounds down (towards zero).

  

• MROUND(number, multiple): Rounds to the nearest multiple. Returns an error if number and multiple have different signs.

  

• FLOOR(number, significance): Rounds down to the nearest multiple of significance.

  

• CEILING(number, significance): Rounds up to the nearest multiple of significance.

  

• INT(number): Rounds down to the nearest integer.

  

• TRUNC(number, num_digits): Truncates (removes digits) to a specified number of decimal places. Similar to INT but doesn't round.

  

• EVEN(number): Rounds up to the nearest even integer.

• ODD(number): Rounds up to the nearest odd integer.

  

Formula Examples

The tutorial provides detailed examples for various rounding scenarios, including rounding decimals, negative numbers, extracting fractional parts, rounding to integers, nearest 0.5, nearest 5/10/100/1000, and rounding time values (to nearest hour, 5 minutes, etc.). These examples utilize the functions described above and illustrate their practical application. Screenshots accompany each example for clarity. For example, rounding to the nearest 10:

The tutorial concludes by emphasizing the selection of the appropriate rounding function based on specific needs.

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