Cool Little CSS Grid Tricks for Your Blog

Ten years ago, I started learning CSS with the goal of modifying the style of my blog. Soon, I was able to write cool code with more mathematical, easier to understand features like transform. However, other areas of CSS, such as layout, have been my pain point.

This article is about a problem I encountered ten years ago and only recently found a clever solution. Specifically, it's about how I used modern CSS Grid technology to solve a long-standing problem and in the process, I got more cooler results than I originally thought.

It should be noted that this is not a tutorial on how to best use CSS Grid, but more like a record of my personal learning process.

question

One of the earliest posts on my blog was random photos in the city, so I had the idea of ​​creating a fixed-size thumbnail grid. For aesthetics, I want this grid to be vertically centered relative to the upper and lower paragraphs, but at the same time, I want the last row of thumbnails to be left-aligned relative to the grid. Meanwhile, the width of the article (and the width of the mesh in which) will depend on the viewport.

The HTML code looks like this:

<p></p>
<div class="grid--thumbs">
  <a href="https://www.php.cn/link/19e321d9f307ccfc1c37106191cbbc74">
    <img src="/static/imghwm/default1.png" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/000/000/000/174381745622040.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,p_40" class="lazy" alt="Cool Little CSS Grid Tricks for Your Blog">
  </a>
  </div>
<p></p>

It seems simple, but it becomes one of the toughest CSS issues I have ever encountered.

Unsatisfactory solution

These are the methods I've tried or seen in years and have not really solved the problem.

Limitations of floating schemes

The floating scheme turns out to be a dead end, as I can't figure out how to get the grid to center vertically in this way.

 .grid--thumbs { overflow: hidden; }
.grid--thumbs a { float: left; }

The following demonstration shows the attempts of floating schemes. Resize embeds and see how they perform at different viewport widths.

Insufficient in inline-block

At first, this seemed like a better idea:

 .grid--thumbs { text-align: center }
.grid--thumbs a { display: inline-block }

But that's not the case:

The last line is not left-aligned in this case.

At some point, due to unexpected CSS autocomplete on CodePen, I found a property called text-align-last which determines how the last row of the block is aligned.

Unfortunately, setting text-align-last: left on the grid is not the solution I want either:

At this point, I actually consider giving up the idea of ​​vertical centering grids. Can the combination of text-align: justified and text-align-last: left produce better results on the grid?

This is not the case. Unless the last row has only one thumbnail and the gap between the columns is not too large. Resize the embed below and see what I mean.

This is almost the situation I was in two years ago, and after nine years of trial and failure, I still can't find a solution to this problem.

Messy Flexbox Tips

A Flexbox solution that looks feasible at first is to add a ::after pseudo-element to the grid and set flex: 1 on the thumbnail and this pseudo-element:

 .grid--thumbs {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  a, &::after { flex: 1; }
  img { margin: auto; }
  &:after { content: 'AFTER'; }
}

The following demonstration shows how this approach works. I've added purple borders to the thumbnails and ::after pseudo-elements to make it easier to see what's going on.

This is not what I want because the thumbnail grid is not vertically centered. That is, as long as the last row has one image less than the other rows, it looks good... Once there is a change, if more projects are missing or no projects are missing, the layout will break.

This is a bad idea. Another approach is to not use pseudo-elements, but add as many empty divs after the thumbnail as we expect to have.

We should be able to approximate the number of expected columns because the size of the thumbnail is fixed and we may want to set the maximum width of the article, as text spanning the entire screen width can visually strain your eyes. Dividing the maximum width by a fixed thumbnail width should give the maximum number of columns in this case.

The first empty element will occupy the rows that are not fully filled with the thumbnail, and the rest will overflow to the other rows. But because they are zero in height, they are visually irrelevant.

This approach does work, but again, it's clumsy and still doesn't produce the exact result I want, as it sometimes leaves a large and ugly gap between the columns.

Grid Solution?

Given its name, grid layouts have always sounded like the answer. The problem is that all the examples I saw at the time used a predefined number of columns, which doesn't work for this particular pattern, where the number of columns is determined by the viewport width.

Last year, while writing a series of single-element pure CSS background patterns, I thought of generating a bunch of media queries that would modify a CSS variable --n , which corresponds to the number of columns used to set grid-template-columns .

 $w: 13em;
$h: 19em;
$f: $h/$w;
$n: 7;
$g: 1em;

--h: #{$f*$w};
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(var(--n, #{$n}), var(--w, #{$w}));
grid-gap: $g;
place-content: center;

@for $i from 1 to $n {
  @media (max-width: ($n - $i 1)*$w ($n - $i 2)*$g) {
    --n: #{$n - $i}
  }
}

I was very proud of this idea at the time, although I feel embarrassed when I look back now. One media query per possible column count is not ideal, let alone it is not very useful when the grid width does not equal viewport width but is still a bit flexible and also depends on the width of its sibling element.

Magical solution

I ended up finding a better solution when using CSS Grid and failing to understand why the repeat() function doesn't work in a specific case. It was so frustrating that prompted me to go to the MDN website to check it out, and I happened to notice the auto-fit keyword, and while I don't understand the explanation, I had a hunch that it could help with this other problem, so I gave up everything else and tried it out.

This is what I got:

 .grid--thumbs {
  display: grid;
  justify-content: center;
  grid-gap: .25em;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, 8em);
}

I also found the minmax() function which replaces fixed size on grid items. I still can't fully understand how minmax() works - the more I play, the less I understand it - but in this case it looks like creating a grid and then stretching its columns equally until they fill all the available space:

 grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(8em, 1fr));

Another cool thing we can do here is to prevent the image from spilling when it is wider than the grid element. We can do this by replacing the minimum 8em with min(8em, 100%) . This basically ensures that the image never exceeds 100%, but never below 8em. Thanks Chris for the advice!

Remember that the min() function does not work in Edge before Chromium!

Remember that this can only produce good results when all images have the same aspect ratio (like the square images I use here). This is not a problem for my blog, as all the photos were taken with my Sony Ericsson W800i phone and they all have the same aspect ratio. However, if we remove images with different aspect ratios, the grid looks less good:

Of course, we can set the image height to a fixed value, but this distorts the image...unless we set object-fit to cover , which solves our problem!

Another idea is to turn the first thumbnail into a kind of banner that spans all grid columns. The only problem is that we don't know the number of columns, because it depends on the viewport. However, there is a solution - we can set grid-column-end to -1!

 .grid--thumbs {
  /* same styles as before */
  a:first-child {
    grid-column: 1/ -1;
    img { height: 13em }
  }
}

The height of the first picture is larger than that of the other pictures.

Of course, if we want the image to span all columns except the last column, we will set it to -2 and so on... Negative column indexing is OK!

auto-fill is another grid attribute keyword I noticed on MDN. The explanations of these two keywords are long-lasting and have no visual effects, so I found them useless. Worse, replacing auto-fit with auto-fill in any grid demonstration above will not make any difference. Even after looking at the article or trying the examples, how they really work and how they differ remains a mystery.

However, trying different approaches and looking at the results in various scenarios eventually led me to the conclusion: if we use minmax() column width instead of fixed column width (e.g. 8em), it is better to use auto-fill instead of auto-fit because if we only have a few images, the results will look better, as shown in the interactive demonstration below:

I think my personal favorite is the idea of ​​the initial thumbnail grid, which is vertically centered and has an almost fixed column width (but still uses min(100%, 15em) instead of just 15em). Ultimately, it's a matter of personal preference, and what you can see in the demo below happens to look better for me:

I'm using auto-fit here because it produces the same result as auto-fill and has fewer characters. However, what I didn't understand when making this is that these two keywords produce the same result because there are more items in the gallery than we need to fill a line.

But once there is a change, auto-fit and auto-fill will produce different results, as shown below. You can change justify-content value and the number of items placed on the grid:

I'm not sure which one is the better option. I think it depends on personal preference. Combined with justify-content: center , auto-fill seems to be a more logical choice, but at the same time, auto-fit will produce better visual effects.

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