Downloading software from official Debian or reliable sources is crucial. The following steps and suggestions can effectively ensure the security of the downloaded Debian system or software package:
1. Verify the integrity of the software package
After downloading the Debian image, be sure to use MD5 or SHA256 and other checksums to verify its integrity to prevent malicious tampering.
2. Choose a safe mirror source
Always download from Debian official website or reputable third-party mirroring sites. Priority is given to official certification or mirroring sources provided by large institutions.
3. Keep the system updated
After the installation is complete, run sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade immediately to fix potential security vulnerabilities. It is recommended to install the unattended-upgrades package to achieve automatic security updates.
4. Configure firewall and user permissions
Use tools such as iptables to configure the firewall, open only necessary ports (such as HTTP, HTTPS, SSH) to prevent unauthorized inbound connections. Avoid direct operations with root users, create normal users and use sudo to increase permissions.
5. Use SSH key to authenticate
Configure key pair authentication for SSH services, disable root remote login and empty password login, and enhance system security.
6. Pay attention to Debian security information
Subscribe to the debian-security-announce mailing list to get Debian security alerts in time.
7. Utilize the package manager
Try to use aptitude or synaptic software package managers to install software to avoid manual download and installation.
Following the above steps can significantly reduce the security risks of downloading Debian systems or software packages, ensure the system is stable and protect against malware intrusions.
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