Adversarial Interoperability

Core points

• Adversarial interoperability—creating new products or services that can work in conjunction with existing products or services without the original manufacturer’s permission—was the primary driver of the dynamic market in the tech industry.
• Currently, large tech companies have used laws, regulations and court decisions to significantly limit confrontational interoperability, creating a monopoly-like environment.
• Restoring adversarial interoperability may be a solution to the concentration of large tech companies, as it reduces their monopoly profits and reduces the impact of the mistakes they make.
• The future of adversarial interoperability is uncertain, and the growing dominance of tech giants may prompt its development, but legal and ethical challenges may hinder its development.

"Interoperability" means making a new product or service work in conjunction with existing products or services: Modern civilization relies on allowing you to put any cutlery into a dishwasher or plug any USB charger into any car cigarette lighter Standards and practices.

But interoperability is just the beginning. For a truly competitive, innovative and dynamic market, what you need is confrontationalinteroperability: When you create a new product or service that can connect to an existing product or service, And does not require the license of the company that manufactures these products. Think of a third-party printer cartridge, an alternative app store, or an independent repair shop that uses compatible parts from competitor manufacturers to repair your car, phone, or tractor.

Aggressive interoperability was once the driver of a vibrant market in the tech industry where the largest companies could fall from peak to valley in a flash, small startups even before the giants realize what was going on. They can be overturned.

However, current large tech companies have been supported by laws, regulations and court decisions, which greatly limit adversarial interoperability. From the large number of ridiculous software patents granted in those dark years between the first software patent and the

Alice's judgment, to the growing use of "digital rights management", these all create With the legal obligation to use the product you purchased at the expense of your benefit to shareholders, the big tech companies climbed the confrontational ladder and then pulled it behind. This situation can and should change. As big tech companies become increasingly concentrated, restoring adversarial interoperability must be part of solving this centralization problem: making big corporations smaller, reducing the impact of their mistakes, and depriving them of lobbying. Monopoly profits that make rules that are harder to compete with.

For months, we have been writing about the history, theory and practice of adversarial interoperability. This page summarizes our writing on the topic in a convenient resource that you can send to your friends, MPs, teachers, investors and bosses as we are all working to figure out how to redisperse the internet and Allocate its decision-making power to millions of individuals and companies, rather than the managers of a few tech giants.

• Interoperability: Fix the Internet, not tech companies: Category of different types of interoperability, from "indifferent interoperability" (I don't care if you plug your stuff into my product) to "cooperative mutual Operative” (please insert your stuff into my product) to “adversarial interoperability” (damn, stop inserting your stuff into my product!).
• Unix and Adversarial Interoperability: "A strange antitrust trick" defines calculations: How do you keep a ruthless monopolist on the sidelines while competitors big and big are making interoperable versions of one of its inventions? Unix's story shows the method.
• alt.interoperability.adversarial: The history of the alt. hierarchy shows how a protocol-led internet ensures that users can shape their online experience. Resuming legal protections for interoperators can transform today’s big tech companies back into a protocol where anyone can plug in a new service.
• Adversarial Interoperability: Reviving an elegant weapon from a more civilized era to eradicate today's monopoly: The history of adversarial interoperability and how it has driven the technological revolution over the past four decades, and what we can do to restore it.
• Gopher: When adversarial interoperability sneaks under the gatekeeper's fortress: Gopher swallows the mainframe before the web devours Gopher.
• Interoperability and Privacy: Resolving Conflicts: Big tech companies have created a privacy disaster on the internet, but now they say they can't unless we use laws to prohibit competitors from inserting new services into their burning dumps Solve this problem. Don't you think this is very convenient?
• Update cycle interruption: How big tech companies and big media abuse copyright laws to stifle competition: Cable television exists because of adversarial interoperability, which gives it the power to disrupt broadcasters. Today, the big cable companies are doing their best to stop anyone from disrupting it. "IBM PC Compatible": How adversarial interoperability saves PCs from monopoly: IBM spent more than a decade at a disadvantage in its mainframe monopoly case, but when it created its first PC , savvy businesses like Phoenix and Compaq are able to clone their ROM chips and create a vibrant, fast-growing market.
• SAMBA vs. SMB: Adversarial Interoperability is the Network Effect Judo: Microsoft
Almost
• Have a modern office by locking the intranet in a proprietary network protocol called SMB...that is, , until a PhD candidate released SAMBA, a free/open product that engages in adversarial interoperability with SMB and allows Macs, Unix systems and other competitors to coexist on the same LAN with Windows machines. Felony of Business Model Fraud: Lexmark's Anti-Competitive Legacy: Printer Companies are notorious for abuse, but Lexmark hit a new low in 2002 when it believed that the
Copyright
• granted it a decision Who can put the toner into the empty cartridge right?Despite Lexmark's failure, it opens a path other companies enthusiastically follow, successfully misrepresenting copyrights, covering everything from tractor parts to browser plugins.
• Mint: Late adversarial interoperability shows what we have (and what we lose): The last great cheer for adversarial interoperability, fight against the financial industry…and win!
• Ad Blocking: How to say no? : Early webs were filled with annoying pop-up ads, and adversarial interoperability made them invisible. Today, ad blocking is the largest boycott in history, doing more than any regulator in curbing bad advertising and its accompanying surveillance.
• African WhatsApp Modifiers are masters of global confrontational interoperability: GB WhatsApp was born in the Syrian conflict and is now the leader in Africa, where it is more popular than Facebook itself—where it must be with other WhatsApp Modifications Competitive, each modifier is customized for different types of users and use cases.

(Reprinted from EFF Deeplinks under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license) ➤ Read Corey Doctoro's How to Destroy Surveillance Capitalism.

Adversarial Interoperability FAQ

What is the concept of adversarial interoperability?

Adversarial interoperability, also known as competitive compatibility, is a concept in the field of technology that allows new products or services to interface with old or existing products without the permission of the original manufacturer. or interoperate. This concept is often used by new entrants in the market to gain a competitive advantage by creating products or services that are compatible with popular or dominant products on the market.

How does adversarial interoperability affect the technology industry?

Adversarial interoperability can have a significant impact on the technology industry. It can promote competition, drive innovation, and break monopoly. By allowing new entrants to create products or services that can interact with existing dominant products, it can level the playing field and prevent a small number of large players from monopolizing the market. However, it can also lead to legal and ethical issues such as copyright infringement and intellectual property infringement.

What are some examples of adversarial interoperability?

In the technology industry, there are many examples of adversarial interoperability. For example, create third-party applications that can interact with popular social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter, or develop compatible software that can run on dominant operating systems such as Windows and iOS. Another example is creating third-party hardware that can interact with popular gaming consoles like PlayStation and Xbox.

What is the legal meaning of adversarial interoperability?

The legal implications of adversarial interoperability can be complex and varied depending on the jurisdiction and circumstances. In some cases, it may lead to copyright infringement or infringement of intellectual property rights. In other cases, it may be considered a legitimate form of competition and innovation. It is important for companies to seek legal advice before engaging in confrontational interoperability.

How does adversarial interoperability benefit consumers?

Adversarial interoperability can benefit consumers in a number of ways. It can increase competition, resulting in lower prices and improved product quality. It can also provide consumers with more choices and allows them to use their favorite products or services in conjunction with other products or services. Furthermore, it can drive innovation and lead to the development of new and improved products and services.

Will adversarial interoperability harm consumers?

While adversarial interoperability has many benefits, it can also harm consumers. For example, it can lead to compatibility issues, security risks, and privacy issues. It can also lead to legal disputes that may disrupt the availability of products or services. Therefore, it is important for consumers to understand these potential risks and make informed decisions.

What is the relationship between adversarial interoperability and open source software?

Adversarial interoperability is closely related to the concept of open source software. Open source software is software that can be used, modified and distributed for free by anyone. This openness allows for a high degree of interoperability, including adversarial interoperability. However, unlike adversarial interoperability, open source software encourages and relies on cooperation rather than competition and conflict.

What is the future of adversarial interoperability?

The future of adversarial interoperability is uncertain and depends on various factors including legal, technological and market trends. On the one hand, the growing dominance of a few large tech companies may lead to more adversarial interoperability as new entrants try to enter the market. On the other hand, growing legal and ethical challenges may prevent adversarial interoperability. In any case, the concept may continue to evolve and remains an important factor in the tech industry.

How does a company protect itself from adversarial interoperability?

Companies can protect themselves from adversarial interoperability by investing in strong intellectual property rights, implementing strong security measures, and maintaining a high level of innovation and customer satisfaction. They can also seek legal advice and take legal action if necessary. However, it is also important for companies to recognize the potential benefits of interoperability and consider cooperative strategies.

How do I learn more about adversarial interoperability?

There are many resources to learn more about adversarial interoperability. You can read articles and blogs, attend webinars and conferences, and participate in online forums and discussions. You can also consult with technical experts, legal counsel and industry professionals. Additionally, you can follow the latest news and developments in the tech industry to get a look at the latest trends and issues related to adversarial interoperability.

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