How Can I Pass Arrays to SQL Server Stored Procedures?

Efficiently Passing Arrays to SQL Server Stored Procedures

This guide explores various techniques for passing arrays to SQL Server stored procedures, focusing on SQL Server 2005, 2008, and 2016. The optimal method depends on your SQL Server version and application needs.

Modern Approaches (SQL Server 2016 and Later): JSON and Delimited Lists

SQL Server 2016 and later versions offer streamlined solutions using JSON and delimited lists. Delimited lists, where array elements are separated by a character (e.g., comma), can be processed using the STRING_SPLIT() function. Alternatively, JSON objects provide a structured way to pass arrays, easily parsed with the OPENJSON() function.

Table-Valued Parameters (SQL Server 2008 and Later): A Robust Solution

For SQL Server 2008 and later, User-Defined Types (UDTs) provide a powerful and efficient approach. Create a UDT to represent your array and pass it as a table-valued parameter. This method offers clarity, improved performance compared to string manipulation, and enhanced maintainability. Your C# code can populate a DataTable and pass it as the parameter.

Handling Arrays in Older Versions (SQL Server 2005): The Split Function

In SQL Server 2005, a custom split function (often working with XML) is necessary. This function breaks down the delimited array string into individual values for processing within the stored procedure.

Why Table-Valued Parameters Excel

Table-valued parameters offer significant benefits:

• Clarity: Input is clearly defined, eliminating ambiguity around delimiters.
• Performance: Generally faster than methods involving XML or string splitting.
• Maintainability: Leads to cleaner, easier-to-maintain code.

By carefully considering these options, you can choose the most effective method for passing arrays to your SQL Server stored procedures, optimizing data processing and application performance.

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