How Can I Efficiently Check for Element Existence in PostgreSQL Arrays?

Optimization method for element existence detection in PostgreSQL array

Original query question:

Determining whether a specific value exists in a PostgreSQL array is a common query requirement. However, finding straightforward solutions often presents challenges.

Existing methods:

One suggested way is to use:

<code class="language-sql">select '{1,2,3}'::int[] @> (ARRAY[]::int[] || value_variable::int)</code>

Another simplified version is:

<code class="language-sql">select '{1,2,3}'::int[] @> ARRAY[value_variable::int]</code>

Use ANY optimization solution:

A simpler way is to use the ANY operator:

<code class="language-sql">SELECT value_variable = ANY ('{1,2,3}'::int[])</code>

ANY’s advantages:

The right operand of

ANY can handle both sets and arrays, making it highly versatile. Additionally, it supports GIN or GiST indexing for array operators, and B-tree indexing for element comparisons.

Note:

1. Array operators operate on array types and benefit from specific indexes.
2. ANY acts on element types. When the index expression is located before the operator, B-tree indexing can be utilized.
3. NULL values ​​are a special case and need to be checked separately.

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