How to Pivot Data from Long to Wide Format in SQLite?

SQLite Database Pivot: Convert long format data to wide format data

In database management, pivoting is a method of converting data from long format (where each row represents a single observation with multiple attributes) to wide format (where each row represents a different attribute and the columns represent the values ​​of those attributes) ) technology. This procedure is particularly useful when working with tables that store data in long format (as shown below):

<code>## studid ## ## subjectid ##  ## marks ##
A1            3                50
A1            4                60
A1            5                70
B1            3                60
B1            4                80
C1            5                95</code>

Question:

The goal is to convert the table above into a wide format where each student has a row representing their name and score for each subject. The desired output should look like this:

<code>## studid ## ## name## ## subjectid_3 ## ## subjectid_4 ## ## subjectid_5 ##
A1        Raam        50                60                 70
B1        Vivek       60                80                NULL
C1        Alex       NULL              NULL                95</code>

Solution using CASE statement and GROUP BY clause:

One way to achieve this in SQLite is to use a CASE statement in combination with a GROUP BY clause:

<code class="language-sql">SELECT
    si.studid,
    si.name,
    SUM(CASE WHEN md.subjectid = 3 THEN md.marks END) AS subjectid_3,
    SUM(CASE WHEN md.subjectid = 4 THEN md.marks END) AS subjectid_4,
    SUM(CASE WHEN md.subjectid = 5 THEN md.marks END) AS subjectid_5
FROM student_info si
JOIN markdetails md ON
    md.studid = si.studid
GROUP BY si.studid, si.name;</code>

Solution using left outer join:

Another approach involves using a left outer join to combine student information and scores for each subject:

<code class="language-sql">SELECT
    u.stuid,
    u.name,
    s3.marks AS subjectid_3,
    s4.marks AS subjectid_4,
    s5.marks AS subjectid_5
FROM
    student_info u
LEFT OUTER JOIN markdetails s3 ON
    u.stuid = s3.stuid
    AND s3.subjectid = 3
LEFT OUTER JOIN markdetails s4 ON
    u.stuid = s4.stuid
    AND s4.subjectid = 4
LEFT OUTER JOIN markdetails s5 ON
    u.stuid = s5.stuid
    AND s5.subjectid = 5;</code>

Both SQL queries will generate the required wide format tables, making it easier to analyze and visualize the data.

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