Structs or Classes for 100,000 Small Value Objects: Which Performs Better?

Structures vs. Classes for Small Value Objects

Question:

You plan to create 100,000 small objects, each with a few value types. Should you use structs or classes for these objects? Notably, some objects may have a validation method.

Answer:

Performance:

• Measurement: Conduct performance tests to determine which approach (struct or class) is faster for your specific scenario.
• Factors: Structs use less memory but may take longer to copy, while classes use more memory but can be faster to copy. Consider your performance requirements.

Architecture:

• Immutable Values: Structs are more suitable for immutable value objects with limited functionality. Classes are preferable for mutable objects that require behaviors.
• Validation: If validation is essential, classes provide a more flexible mechanism through methods.

Garbage Collection:

• Stack vs. Heap: Objects on the stack are treated as living heap objects for determining the live set but not for heap compaction. They are processed differently by the garbage collector.

Recommendation:

Generally, structs are preferred for small value objects that are immutable, have limited functionality, and are created in large numbers. Classes are suitable for objects with complex functionality, mutable fields, or need validation.

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