How can I send Multipart/Form-Data requests in Python using the Requests library?

Sending "Multipart/Form-Data" with Requests in Python

Multipart/form-data is a common encoding used for uploading files and other data to a web server. With the Requests library in Python, you can easily send multipart/form-data requests.

Sending Files

To send a file, you can use the files parameter of the post() method. This parameter expects a dictionary where the keys are the form field names and the values are the file objects to upload.

Sending Form Data

In addition to files, you can also send form data using the files parameter. However, it's important to note that Requests will send a multipart/form-data POST instead of the default application/x-www-form-urlencoded POST when you specify a files parameter.

To send form data using the files parameter, you can simply pass a string or bytes object as the value of the form field. For example:

import requests

files = {'foo': 'bar'}
response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', files=files)

Customizing File Parameters

You can further control the filename, content type, and additional headers for each file by using a tuple instead of a single string or bytes object. The tuple should contain:

• Filename (optional)
• Content
• Content type (optional)
• Additional headers (optional)

For example:

files = {'foo': (None, 'bar')}  # No filename parameter

Sending Multiple Fields with Same Name

You can also send multiple fields with the same name by providing a list of tuples as the value of the files parameter. For example:

files = {'foo': [(None, 'bar'), (None, 'baz')]}

Using Requests-Toolbelt

The requests-toolbelt project provides an advanced multipart encoder that simplifies the process of sending multipart/form-data requests. With this encoder, you can:

• Stream requests from open file objects
• Omit filename parameters by default
• Control the boundary used in the multipart header

For example:

from requests_toolbelt.multipart.encoder import MultipartEncoder

mp_encoder = MultipartEncoder(
    fields={
        'foo': 'bar',
        'spam': ('spam.txt', open('spam.txt', 'rb'), 'text/plain'),
    }
)
headers = {'Content-Type': mp_encoder.content_type}
response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=mp_encoder, headers=headers)

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