How to Concatenate Strings and Integers in Python?

How to Concatenate Strings with Integers in Python

When attempting to concatenate a string and an integer using the " " operator, you may encounter the error "TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str" in Python 3.x or a similar message in Python 2.x. This is because the " " operator has different meanings for different data types.

For numeric types, " " represents addition, while for sequences like strings, it signifies concatenation. To avoid confusion, Python does not automatically convert between types.

To concatenate a string and an integer, you must explicitly convert the integer to a string using the str() function or employ alternative string formatting methods.

1. Explicit Conversion

<br>things = 5<br>print("You have "   str(things)   " things.") # Convert things to string<br>

2. String Formatting

• % Interpolation(Python 2/3)
  

  <br>  things = 5<br>  print("You have %d things." % things)<br>  

• str.format(Python 2/3)
  

  <br>  things = 5<br>  print("You have {} things.".format(things))<br>  

• f-strings(Python 3.6 )
  

  <br>  things = 5<br>  print(f"You have {things} things.")<br>  

3. Positional Arguments to "print" Function

<br>things = 5<br>print("You have", things, "things.", sep=' ... ')  # Use custom separator<br>

The choice of formatting method depends on version compatibility and specific requirements. Note that "print" uses the "sep" keyword argument to join multiple positional arguments.

For further reference:

• [Real Python: String Manipulation in Python](https://realpython.com/python-string-formatting/)
• [Python.org: String Operations](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#string-methods)
• [Stack Overflow: Concatenating String and Int](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18422677/python-string-concatenation-with-int)

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