How to Fix 'Conversion failed when converting the varchar value 'x' to data type int' Errors in T-SQL String Concatenation?

How to Concatenate Numbers and Strings to Format Numbers in T-SQL

In T-SQL, the goal is to generate a formatted result that combines integer values and strings. This is commonly encountered when manipulating data for display purposes.

Situation Presented

A function named ActualWeightDIMS is designed to concatenate numerical values representing weight and dimensions into a single string. However, an error arises when executing the function, specifically "Conversion failed when converting the varchar value 'x' to data type int."

Understanding the Issue

The error occurs because the function attempts to concatenate string characters with integer values without explicitly converting them to strings. In T-SQL, when a numerical value such as @Actual_Dims_Lenght is combined with a string like 'x', the engine interprets it as an attempt to perform arithmetic operations.

Proposed Solution

To resolve this issue, it is necessary to explicitly convert the integer parameters to strings before concatenation. This can be achieved using the CAST function, which allows for converting values between different data types.

The corrected code:

SET @ActualWeightDIMS =
CAST(@Actual_Dims_Lenght AS VARCHAR(16)) + 'x' +
CAST(@Actual_Dims_Width  AS VARCHAR(16)) + 'x' +
CAST(@Actual_Dims_Height  AS VARCHAR(16))

By casting the integer parameters to strings, the operator now correctly performs string concatenation, resulting in the desired formatted output.

Additional Considerations

While not mentioned in the specific case presented, it is recommended to consider handling scenarios where the user may not provide both weight and dimensions input. In such situations, appropriate error handling and validation should be implemented to provide meaningful feedback to users and prevent potential data inconsistencies.

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