Can CSS Variables Be Used Directly in Media Queries?

Media Queries and CSS Variable Compatibility

In the realm of CSS, the use of native variables for media queries has raised some questions regarding its functionality. This article aims to shed light on this issue by exploring a specific example and its subsequent explanation.

Query Implementation and Results

Consider the following code snippet:

:root {
  --mobile-breakpoint: 642px;
}

@media (max-width: var(--mobile-breakpoint)) {
  
}

In this instance, the media query attempts to leverage the CSS variable --mobile-breakpoint to define a specific breakpoint for responsive design. However, in practice, this configuration will not yield the desired results.

Explanation

According to the CSS specification, "The var() function can be used in place of any part of a value in any property on an element." However, this usage does not extend to property names, selectors, or other non-property value contexts.

In the case of media queries, they are not considered elements, nor do they inherit properties from elements like html. Consequently, the media query cannot access the --mobile-breakpoint variable as intended.

Alternative Solutions

Given the limitations of using CSS variables in media queries, alternative solutions exist to achieve similar functionality. One approach involves utilizing CSS preprocessors, such as Sass or Less, which provide mechanisms to define variables that can be subsequently incorporated into media queries.

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