How Can I Bind an Array to an IN() Clause in PDO?

Binding an Array to an IN() Condition in PDO Queries

Overview

PHP's PDO (PHP Data Objects) provides a mechanism for binding placeholders in queries to values in an array. However, it doesn't natively support binding an array of values to an IN() condition.

Building a Placeholder String

As a workaround, you can manually construct a placeholder string by iterating over the array and concatenating placeholders with commas.

$ids = [1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9];
$in = str_repeat('?,', count($ids) - 1) . '?';

The $in variable will contain a string like "?,?,?,?,?,?".

Preparing and Executing the Query

Prepare the query using the placeholder string:

$stmt = $db->prepare("SELECT * FROM table WHERE id IN($in)");

Execute the query and pass the array as arguments:

$stmt->execute($ids);

Alternative Approach: Named Placeholders

For named placeholders, such as :id0, :id1, :id2, etc., you'll need to manually create a sequence of placeholders and collect values into an associative array.

$i = 0;
$in_params = [];
foreach ($ids as $item) {
    $key = ":id" . $i++;
    $in_params[$key] = $item;
    $in .= ($in ? ',' : '') . $key;
}

Conclusion

While PDO doesn't explicitly allow binding an array to an IN() condition, you can replicate the functionality by manually constructing a placeholder string or using named placeholders with an associative array. These approaches provide a convenient way to handle arrays in IN() conditions within PDO queries.

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