How Can I Solve UTF-8 Encoding Problems in My Web Application?

Character Encoding Troubles: Mismatched Data and Display

Many developers encounter issues with UTF-8 encoding, leading to a range of unexpected results. This article explores these problems and their solutions.

Overview of Character Encoding Challenges

The problems often stem from mismatched character encodings throughout the data handling process. To ensure correct processing, UTF-8 encoding should be used consistently across all stages, including:

• Editor and IDE: Set to UTF-8.
• Form Encoding:
  .
• Database Connection: Establish UTF-8 as the encoding.
• Database Column Declaration: Specify CHARACTER SET utf8mb4.
• HTML Header: .
• Stored Procedures: Acquire the current character set and collation.

Identifying and Resolving Encoding Issues

Truncated Data (e.g., "Se" for "Señor")

• Ensure bytes are encoded as UTF-8.
• Check that the connection is using UTF-8.

Black Diamonds with Question Marks (e.g., "Se�or")

• If original bytes are not UTF-8:

  • Convert to UTF-8.
  • Set the connection to UTF-8.
  • Check the database column encoding.

• If original bytes are UTF-8:

  • Set the connection to UTF-8.
  • Check the database column encoding.

Question Marks (e.g., "Se?or")

• Encode bytes as UTF-8.
• Set the database column encoding to UTF-8.
• Check that the connection is using UTF-8.

Mojibake (e.g., "Señor")

• Encode bytes as UTF-8.
• Set the connection and column encoding to UTF-8.
• Include in the HTML.

Sorting Issues

• Select the correct collation.
• Check for double encoding (extended hex length).

Fixing Corrupted Data

• Truncated and Question Mark data cannot be recovered.
• Mojibake and Double Encoding can be fixed using the methods outlined in the previous section.

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