How Can I Securely Execute MySQL Queries in Python to Prevent SQL Injection?

Secure MySQL Connectivity and Query Execution in Python

In the realm of web applications, ensuring secure data handling is paramount. When working with MySQL, one common concern is preventing SQL injection attacks. To address this, it's essential to employ best practices that safeguard your database from malicious manipulation.

One such approach is utilizing prepared statements with parameter markers ('%s'). By using this method, you can insert variables into queries while maintaining security. Here's how:

1. Prepare the Query: Create a prepared statement using the "execute" method with parameter markers in place of variables. For example:

cursor = db.cursor()
max_price = 5
statement = "SELECT spam, eggs, sausage FROM breakfast WHERE price < %s"

2. Bind Variables: Instead of直接插入变量，使用列表或元组将变量传递给 "execute" 方法的第二个参数。 This binds the variables to the prepared statement, ensuring they are properly escaped and sanitized.

cursor.execute(statement, (max_price,))

Avoid Direct Substitution:

It's important to avoid directly substituting variables into queries using string formatting, as this can lead to SQL injection vulnerabilities. Instead, strictly use parameter markers and bind variables to the prepared statement.

For instance, do not use string substitution like:

cursor.execute("SELECT spam, eggs, sausage FROM breakfast WHERE price < %s" % (max_price,))

Additional Considerations:

• Do not use single quotes around the parameter holder ('%s') if the parameter is a string. The driver will provide appropriate escaping.
• Use parameterized queries consistently throughout your codebase to ensure security across the application.

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