Can CSS Alone Create a Cross-Browser Compatible Scrollable Table with Fixed Headers?

CSS-Only Scrollable Table with Fixed Headers

Question:

Is there a CSS-only solution to create scrollable tables with fixed headers that is cross-browser compliant?

Requirements:

• Maintain column alignment between header, footer, and content rows
• Keep the header and footer fixed while the content scrolls vertically
• No jQuery or JavaScript required
• Use only table-related tags (table, thead, tbody, tr, th, td)

Solution using Position: Sticky:

Compatibility Note: Check support for position:sticky before using this solution.

position:sticky positions an element relative to the nearest scrolling ancestor or the viewport if there are no scrolling ancestors. This behavior aligns with the desired sticky header.

However, assigning position:sticky to

, , or tags encounters issues in various browsers. Instead, assign the sticky property to

cells within a wrapper element that defines the scroll overflow.

Code:

div {
  display: inline-block;
  height: 150px;
  overflow: auto;
}

table th {
  position: -webkit-sticky;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
}

/* Styling */
table {
  border-collapse: collapse;
}

th {
  background-color: #1976D2;
  color: #fff;
}

th,
td {
  padding: 1em .5em;
}

table tr {
  color: #212121;
}

table tr:nth-child(odd) {
  background-color: #BBDEFB;
}

<div>
  <table border="0">
    <thead>
      <tr>
        <th scope="col">head1</th>
        <th scope="col">head2</th>
        <th scope="col">head3</th>
        <th scope="col">head4</th>
      </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <td>row 1, cell 1</td>
        <td>row 1, cell 2</td>
        <td>row 1, cell 2</td>
        <td>row 1, cell 2</td>
      </tr>
      <!-- additional rows omitted for brevity -->
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>

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