utf8_general_ci vs. utf8_unicode_ci: Which Database Collation Should You Choose?

Differences Between utf8_general_ci and utf8_unicode_ci

Introduction

When designing a database that requires Unicode support, selecting the appropriate collation is crucial. The two commonly used collations for Unicode are utf8_general_ci and utf8_unicode_ci. This article explores their key differences to guide you in making an informed choice.

utf8_general_ci

• Converts text to Unicode normalization form D.
• Removes combining characters.
• Converts to uppercase.

utf8_unicode_ci

• Implements the Unicode Collation Algorithm.
• Supports expansions and ligatures.
• Provides accurate sorting for various alphabets and scripts.

Effects of Choosing One Over the Other

• Accuracy:

  • utf8_general_ci: Provides incorrect results due to limited understanding of Unicode casing and decomposition.
  • utf8_unicode_ci: Delivers highly accurate sorting for all Unicode scripts.

• Globalization:

  • utf8_general_ci: Suitable for limited subsets of Cyrillic.
  • utf8_unicode_ci: Supports a wide range of international character sets.

• Performance:

  • utf8_general_ci: Slightly faster due to its simplified collation method.
  • utf8_unicode_ci: Incurred a small performance overhead for ensuring accuracy.

Recommendation

It is highly recommended to use utf8_unicode_ci over utf8_general_ci even at the cost of a slightly higher computational load. Accuracy in data handling is paramount, and utf8_unicode_ci provides the necessary features to deliver reliable results across different alphabets and scripts.

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