How Can SQLAlchemy's `bulk_save_objects()` Method Improve Data Insertion Performance?

Bulk Insertion with SQLAlchemy ORM

Bulk insertion is a technique used to efficiently insert multiple records into a database in a single operation. By bulk inserting, we can significantly improve the performance of data transfer compared to inserting individual records one at a time.

In SQLAlchemy, the latest versions (1.0.0 and above) offer a convenient method for bulk insertion called bulk_save_objects(). This method allows you to insert a list of objects into a database in a single transaction.

For example, suppose you have a list of objects representing users:

objects = [
    User(name="u1"),
    User(name="u2"),
    User(name="u3")
]

You can use the bulk_save_objects() method to insert these objects into your database:

s = Session()
s.bulk_save_objects(objects)
s.commit()

By using the bulk insert method, you effectively consolidate multiple insert statements into a single operation, reducing the overhead associated with individual inserts. This can result in a noticeable performance improvement, especially for large datasets.

Additionally, optimizing your use of sessions can further enhance performance. Setting autoCommit=False allows you to execute several operations within a single transaction, reducing the number of database interactions. However, be aware that this can cause stale data issues if the database changes externally during the transaction. To mitigate this, consider using the refresh() method to retrieve up-to-date data from the database.

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