Why Am I Getting a 'RuntimeError: Working Outside of Application Context' in My Flask Unit Tests?

RuntimeError: Working Outside of Application Context

In the given Flask application, an attempt to call the before_request function in a unit test (test.py) results in a "RuntimeError: working outside of application context." The same error occurs when calling the input_info function.

Background:

Flask manages a global Application Context that provides access to services such as the database connection. To work within the context, code needs to be run inside the application's request-response cycle.

Solution:

To resolve the error, the unit tests must establish an Application Context. This can be achieved using app.app_context() as a context manager:

def test_connection(self):
    with app.app_context():
        # Test code here using `g.db`

Alternative Solution:

Instead of manually managing the Application Context, you can use the Flask-Testing extension, which automatically sets up the context for unit tests.

Additional Considerations:

• Ensure that the database connection is closed after use.
• Use fixtures or setup methods to initialize the database before running the tests.
• Disable Flask's CSRF protection for unit testing.

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