Why are `find_element_by_*` Commands Deprecated in Selenium?

find_element_by_* Commands are Deprecated in Selenium

In this article, we'll address the question of why you encounter the DeprecationWarning "find_element_by_* commands are deprecated" when using Selenium Python libraries.

The Deprecation Warning

The error message implies that the find_element_by_* commands are no longer recommended and should be phased out in favor of the more generalized find_element() method. This change was introduced to simplify the APIs across different languages.

Solution

To resolve the issue, you must replace all occurrences of find_element_by_* commands with find_element(). Additionally, you need to include the following import:

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

Here are examples of how to replace the deprecated methods:

Using class_name:

# Deprecated
button = driver.find_element_by_class_name("quiz_button")

# New
button = driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "quiz_button")

Similarly, you can replace the following deprecated methods:

• id: By.ID
• name: By.NAME
• link_text: By.LINK_TEXT
• partial_link_text: By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT
• tag_name: By.TAG_NAME
• css_selector: By.CSS_SELECTOR
• xpath: By.XPATH

Note: You will also need to update the plural forms of these methods (find_elements_by_*) in the same way.

Additional Resources

• [Upgrade to Selenium 4](https://www.sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/60275/selenium-navigate-vs-driver-get-in-selenium-4): This upgrade guide covers other unrelated changes you may encounter.

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