How to Exclude Go Source Files Based on Target Architecture?

Exclude Go Source Files by Architecture When Compiling

In Go, it is occasionally necessary to exclude certain source files when compiling based on the target architecture. For instance, when developing a program for Windows that uses CGo to interact with native functions, compiling on Linux may result in dependency issues, such as missing header files.

To address this, Go employs build constraints, which allow developers to specify the conditions under which a file should be included in the package. By leveraging build constraints, you can exclude specific source files based on the target architecture.

Specifying Architecture-Dependent Constraints:

To exclude a particular architecture from compilation, use the following syntax:

// +build !<architecture></architecture>

For example, to exclude 64-bit x86 architecture:

// +build !amd64

Alternatively, you can specify multiple architectures to exclude using commas:

// +build !amd64,!arm64

Using Hierarchical Constraints:

With complex conditions, you can employ hierarchical constraints:

// +build linux
// +build amd64

// +build solaris
// +build 386,!go1.12

This hierarchy demonstrates that for the first set of constraints, both Linux and amd64 must be satisfied, while in the second set, Solaris is required, and either 386 or Go version prior to 1.12 can be met.

Exclusion by File Naming:

In addition to build constraints, you can exclude files based on their naming conventions:

• Files named *_GOOS are excluded when building for a different OS.
• Files named *_GOARCH are excluded when building for a different architecture.
• Files named *_GOOS_GOARCH are excluded when building for a different OS and architecture combination.

Example:

To exclude a source file named windows.c when building on Linux, insert the following build constraint at the top of the file:

// +build ignore

Alternatively, rename the file to windows_windows.c.

By utilizing build constraints and file naming conventions, you can effectively exclude specific source files based on the target architecture when compiling Go programs, allowing for tailored builds for different environments.

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