Why Does My PHP Code Fail to Connect to MySQL with \"No Connection Could Be Made Because the Target Machine Actively Refused It?\"

No Connection Established: Target Machine Refused Connection

When attempting to execute PHP code using a MySQL script, many users encounter the error message:

mysql_connect(): No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it

This error does not indicate any issues within the PHP code. Instead, it suggests that the target database is rejecting the connection attempt.

Troubleshooting:

The potential causes of this error are primarily related to firewall settings and network connectivity. To resolve the issue, consider the following troubleshooting steps:

1. Verify Port Connection: By default, MySQL uses port 3306 for TCP connections. Ensure that the PHP script you are using is specifying the correct port number.
2. Use 127.0.0.1 Address: Instead of using "localhost" in the PHP script, try connecting to the database using the IP address "127.0.0.1". This may help identify whether the database is listening on the correct IP address.
3. UDP and TCP Connectivity: The error can also occur if the database is listening on UDP instead of TCP. Check the database configuration to ensure that TCP is being used.
4. Firewall Permissions: Review the firewall settings on both the client and server machines. Make sure that connections to the MySQL port are allowed.
5. System Listening: Ensure that the database system is actually listening for incoming connections. Check the database configuration files and verify that the system is listening on the specified port.

By addressing these potential issues, you can establish a successful connection to the MySQL database and resolve the "Target Machine Actively Refused" error.

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