Why am I getting \"Error: connect ECONNREFUSED\" when connecting to a remote MySQL database from my Node.js application?

Node.js MySQL: Resolving "Error: connect ECONNREFUSED" When Connecting to Remote Database

In an attempt to deploy a Node.js web application on a server, developers may encounter the "Error: connect ECONNREFUSED" when accessing the MySQL database from Node.js. This error indicates that the client is unable to establish a TCP connection to the MySQL server.

Troubleshooting Steps

To resolve this issue, ensure the following:

1. Check Database Configuration:

• Verify that the MySQL connection parameters in your Node.js script ('host', 'user', 'database', and 'password') are configured correctly for the remote database.

2. Server Accessibility:

• Check if the MySQL server is running and accessible from the Node.js script's host machine.
• Ensure that the MySQL server is listening on the specified port (typically 3306).

3. Network Connectivity:

• Confirm that there is proper network connectivity between the Node.js script and the MySQL database server.
• Check that there are no firewalls or other security measures blocking the connection.

4. Ensure Node.js Version Compatibility:

• Verify that the version of Node.js used by the script is compatible with the Node.js dependency used for MySQL connectivity ('mysql' library).

5. Specify IPv4 Host Address:

• As mentioned in the provided answer, changing the host parameter from 'localhost' to '127.0.0.1' may resolve the issue. This is because some operating systems may treat 'localhost' as a local loopback address, while '127.0.0.1' explicitly specifies an IPv4 address for the local machine.

Additional Considerations:

• Ensure that the Node.js script has the necessary permissions to access the database.
• Try restarting the Node.js server and the MySQL database server.
• Consider using a connection pool to handle database connections efficiently.

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