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Locking with Timeouts in Go
Acquiring locks in Go can be problematic, especially when dealing with latency-sensitive operations. The sync.Mutex interface provides only basic locking and unlocking functions without the ability to acquire locks conditionally or within a specified time frame.
Using Channels as Mutex:
A simple and effective solution is to utilize channels as mutual exclusion primitives. By creating a channel with a buffer size of one, you can simulate a lock:
<code class="go">l := make(chan struct{}, 1)</code>
Locking:
To acquire the lock, send a signal to the channel:
<code class="go">l <- struct{}{}</code>
Unlocking:
To release the lock, receive from the channel:
<code class="go"><-l</code>
Try Locking:
To attempt locking with a timeout, use a select statement:
<code class="go">select { case l <- struct{}{}: // lock acquired <-l default: // lock not acquired }</code>
By combining this approach with time.After(), you can implement TryLock with a deadline:
<code class="go">select { case l <- struct{}{}: // lock acquired <-l case <-time.After(time.Minute): // lock not acquired }</code>
Example 1: Limiting Latency-Sensitive Operations
<code class="go">func (s *RPCService) DoTheThing(ctx context.Context, ...) ... { if AcquireLock(ctx.Deadline(), &s.someObj[req.Parameter].lock) { defer ReleaseLock(&s.someObj[req.Parameter].lock) ... expensive computation ... } else { return s.cheapCachedResponse[req.Parameter] } }</code>
Example 2: Updating Stats with Timeout
<code class="go">func (s *StatsObject) updateObjStats(key, value interface{}) { if AcquireLock(200*time.Millisecond, &s.someObj[key].lock) { defer ReleaseLock(&s.someObj[key].lock) ... update stats ... ... fill in s.cheapCachedResponse ... } } func (s *StatsObject) UpdateStats() { s.someObj.Range(s.updateObjStats) }</code>
This approach allows you to conditionally acquire locks while also handling performance and resource utilization concerns effectively.
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