How can CMake be Used to Automatically Detect and Configure C 11 Compatibility?

Automating C 11 Compatibility Detection in CMake

Problem:

How can CMake be utilized to automatically detect and configure C 11 compatibility in a project?

Solution:

CMake Version 3.1.0 and Above:

With CMake version 3.1.0 or later, the following code snippet enables detection of C features supported by the compiler:

<code class="cmake">cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1.0 FATAL_ERROR)
project(foobar CXX)
message("Your C++ compiler supports these C++ features:")
foreach(i ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES})
  message("${i}")
endforeach()</code>

Configuring C Standards:

Instead of manual detection, CMake provides two methods to declare the C standard for compilation:

Explicit Standard Specification:

Set the target properties CXX_STANDARD and CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED to explicitly specify the C standard:

<code class="cmake">set_property(TARGET prog PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD 11)
set_property(TARGET prog PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)</code>

Feature-Dependent Standard Detection:

Using the target_compile_features command, specify the C features required by the project. CMake will deduce the appropriate C standard from these features:

<code class="cmake">target_compile_features(foobar PRIVATE
    cxx_strong_enums
    cxx_constexpr
    cxx_auto_type)</code>

Additional Functionality:

The CMake global property CMAKE_CXX_KNOWN_FEATURES provides a list of known C features. This allows for detecting the specific features supported by the compiler.

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