How to Efficiently Encode and Decode Data Structures in Go?

Encoding and Decoding Data Structures in Go

In Go, it is often necessary to encode and decode data structures into a byte array for transmission or storage. This article explores techniques for performing this task efficiently and robustly.

To perform type casting, use the unsafe package with caution. A safer alternative is to leverage the encoding/binary package, as shown below:

<code class="go">// T represents a simple data structure.
type T struct {
    A int64
    B float64
}

// EncodeT converts the T struct to a byte array.
func EncodeT(t T) ([]byte, error) {
    buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
    err := binary.Write(buf, binary.BigEndian, t)
    return buf.Bytes(), err
}

// DecodeT converts a byte array to a T struct.
func DecodeT(b []byte) (T, error) {
    t := T{}
    buf := bytes.NewReader(b)
    err := binary.Read(buf, binary.BigEndian, &t)
    return t, err
}</code>

Example usage:

<code class="go">t := T{A: 0xEEFFEEFF, B: 3.14}
encoded, err := EncodeT(t)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

decoded, err := DecodeT(encoded)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

fmt.Printf("Encoded: %x", encoded)
fmt.Printf("Decoded: %x %f", decoded.A, decoded.B)</code>

Custom conversion functions or the encoding/gob package can also be utilized for more complex use cases.

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