How to Execute Raw SQL Queries in Flask-SQLAlchemy?

Executing Raw SQL in Flask-SQLAlchemy

To execute raw SQL in a Flask-SQLAlchemy application, you can utilize the built-in connection and engine objects provided by SQLAlchemy.

SQLAlchemy 2.0 and Later:

with engine.connect() as connection:
    result = connection.execute(text('SELECT * FROM your_table'))
    # Process the result...

SQLAlchemy 1.x (Deprecated):

from sqlalchemy import text

sql = text('SELECT name FROM penguins')
result = db.engine.execute(sql)
penguin_names = [row[0] for row in result]

In the 1.x example, db.engine.execute() executes the SQL query without using a connection, which is marked as deprecated in SQLAlchemy 2.0. To maintain backward compatibility and utilize the recommended connection-based approach in SQLAlchemy 2.0, you can employ the newer engine.connect() method.

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