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The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

王林
王林Original
2024-07-11 16:38:51470browse

The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC


Speaking of which, we have already produced many issues of the foreign junk series, but most of them were mobile phones and assembled PCs before. The former has average playability, while the latter is full of uncertainty. For example, the computer we spent 300 to install last time has now entered a state of non-stop driver removal.


However, "picking up rags" is what it is, and the coexistence of risks and benefits is the norm. For example, I "picked up" the ASUS ChromeBox this time. I originally wanted to make it into a Mac mini (fake), but I encountered many unexpected problems during the process and failed to achieve the intended goal. In the end, I had to settle for the next best thing and choose to flash Windows on it.


Although the attempt to brush black apples fell to the last step, I had a lot of fun in the whole process. And when used as a Windows computer, the stability of this Chrome Box is still very good, and it can be said to be of high quality and low price.


High-quality and low-priced small PC - ASUS Chrome Box3


What I picked up this time is a mini PC with ChromeOS system, the price is less than 600 yuan, the specific configuration is: i7 -8550U+4GB DDR4L+32GB solid state drive, supports 2*DDR4L and Nvme M.2 hard drives. To be honest, except for the processor, which is still visible, the rest of the hardware configuration is at a decent enough level, and it is only barely enough in the ChromeOS environment.


However, compared to laptops, ChromeOS's interface configuration is relatively complete, providing 5 USB-A interfaces (only the two on the front support power supply), 1 Type-C interface (supports DP output, power supply and data transmission), 1 HDMI 1.4 interface, 1 RJ45 wired network interface, 1 SD card interface, 1 3.5mm headphone jack and 1 DC power interface.


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

Front (Photo source: Photo by Lei Technology)


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

Reverse (Photo source: Photo by Lei Technology)


You can see the Chrome logo on the top of the fuselage, description This is a Chrome device.


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

(Photo source: Photographed by Lei Technology)


Everyone in China is probably relatively unfamiliar with ChromeOS. In fact, you can think of it as a PC streamlined version of Android. ChromOS cannot install ordinary x86 PC software, and can only install adaptation applications from the Chrome Store and Google Play. To some extent, you can even think of it as a larger hardware version of the Chrome browser.


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

(Source: Lei Technology)


ChromeOS is mainly targeted at schools and educational institutions, small and medium-sized enterprises that do not have high requirements for device performance, and consumers with limited budgets. ChromeOS has very low hardware configuration requirements for the system. Even an antique-level dual-core processor or a low-performance ARM processor can run smoothly, and the memory and storage space requirements are as low as 2GB+16GB.


Although there are not many ChromeOS applications, relying on Google's Android ecosystem, it can still easily meet daily office, entertainment and other needs. Its smoothness, ease of use, and high security make it a very suitable tool for the elderly and children to access the Internet.


Thanks to the popularity of Chrome devices in enterprises and institutions, we can often buy Chrome devices that are "discarded" by these units at cheap prices. Moreover, although it is said to be scrapped equipment, most of it can actually be used normally, but it has reached the upper limit of use time, so it needs to be scrapped.


These "scrap" devices are the best toys for those of us who are tossing around. After all, compared to brand-new mini hosts, ChromeBox is indeed high-quality and affordable.


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

(Source: an e-commerce platform)


For example, the most common CPUs for mini hosts under a thousand yuan are Intel's N100, N5095, N5105, etc. In addition, there are a bunch of recycled products using the 4th, 5th and 6th generation Core low-voltage U, and the prices are generally 400, 500 or more.


The N series is Intel's low-end line. It has a more familiar name - Celeron. Although the performance is not that bad, it has 4 cores and 4 threads, a maximum frequency of 3.4GHz, and proper Internet processing. devices, and the fourth, fifth and sixth generation Cores are actually not much better.


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

(图源:某电商平台截图)


众所周知,在八代之前,酷睿处理器是出了名的挤牙膏,特别是在完全没有对手的移动平台上。即使是i5、i7这样定位中高端的系列,低压版本都是一水的双核四线程,性能还不如N100这样的新一代赛扬处理器。


这么一对比,四核八线程,睿频可达4.0GHz的i7-8550U,简直就是降维打击般的存在,其性能甚至能够满足轻度的图片编辑、视频剪辑等工作。而且,采用11代以前的酷睿处理器还有个好处,那就是可以尝试着刷入macOS,而i7-8550U与MacBook 13英寸版2018/2019所使用的i7-8559U是同一款(后者为前者超频版),理论上是适配性更是没有问题。


而且ChromeOS的整个生态都是围绕谷歌的一系列App搭建的,所以在国内的体验十分糟糕,加上系统登录前需要连接谷歌服务器和登录谷歌账号,如果没有一些PC知识,你可能连系统界面都看不到,所以Chrome设备到了国内后,基本都逃不过重新安装系统这一个步骤。


于是,我决定直接刷个Win11+macOS的双系统,谁能想到,接下来迎接我的却是十几个小时的折磨之旅。


500元就能拥有Mac Mini?做梦吧!


虽然Chrome设备在硬件上与普通的x86电脑并没有多少区别,但是Chrome设备的bios等系统底层无法与Windows、macOS等系统兼容,想要更换系统首先需要刷bios,将其换成可以兼容主流系统的版本。


Chrome设备刷bios并不难,但是首先你得找到合适对应的bios文件,好在国外有不少技术论坛都喜欢折腾Chrome设备,加之国内也有一些大佬搬运常见的Chrome设备技术贴,于是没有花费多少功夫就找到了合适的bios。


不过在此之前,首先需要打开Chrome OS的开发者模式,方法是用卡针顶住Reset键然后按住开机键,稍等片刻后松开Reset,再按开机键就会进入恢复界面。此时按下左右键可以切换语言,有中文,不过因为需要操作的步骤不多,所以我就懒得切换了。


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

(图源:雷科技)


在这个界面按下Ctrl+D,会看到进入开发者模式的提示。


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

(图源:雷科技)


按照提示再戳一下Reset,看到下面这个界面就说明开发者模式已开启,这里提醒一下,按空格键重新启用指的是操作系统验证,也就是关闭开发者模式,而非重新启动电脑。看到这个界面后不需要进行任何额外操作,等待一段时间后主机会响起警报声,接下来就会自动进入重启界面(可按Ctrl+D跳过)。


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC


(图源:雷科技)


“接下来要做的就只剩下等待了”,虽然教程是这么说的,不过实际操作过程中,意外还是有可能发生。比如我在进入开发者模式并重启到系统启动页面后,发现并没有如帖子所说的那样出现访客模式按钮,在重复关闭、启动数次开发者模式后,等着我的依然是网络验证页面。


最后,只能是通过手动设定热点及网络代理的方式,让Chrome设备暂时获得访问谷歌服务器的能力(具体方法可搜索ChromeOS激活)。


无需登录谷歌账号,直接点击访客模式即可进入系统。


确认系统运行正常后,接下来就是解除物理防护了。以我手上的华硕Chrome Box3为例,固定螺丝在减震垫底部,撬开减震垫即可看到,拧开后不费吹灰之力就能看到主板。


接下来就是解除物理保护螺丝,一般会在I/O接口的两侧(不同产品有一定区别,部分产品没有物理保护),体型明显大于其它三颗螺丝,找到后直接将保护螺丝取出并复原设备。


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

(图源:雷科技摄制)


重启进入系统(期间可能会响警报,无视即可),按下Ctrl+Alt+T打开终端窗口,输入shell。


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

(图源:雷科技)


如果在输入shell后,看到如下文字:

sudo: The "no new privileges" flag is set, which prevents sudo from running as root.sudo: The "no new privileges" flag is set, which prevents sudo from running as root.
sudo: If sudo is running in a container, you may need to adjust the container configuration to disable the flag.sudo: If sudo is running in a container, you may need to adjust the container configuration to disable the flag.


那么大概率你的ChromeOS是较新的版本,此时按照传统教程是无法进入到刷写bios的过程的。因为在新的版本中,谷歌封锁了VT-1控制台的sudo权限,此时需要打开VT-2控制台才能进入到下一步。


按下Ctrl+Alt+F2,等待重启,然后再次唤出控制台,并按下Ctrl+Alt+F2,此时你会进入一个新的界面。与此前页面相似,无视那堆英文说明,直接输入“chronos”,回车确认登录(无密码),然后输入以下命令:


cd;curl-LOhttps://gitee.com/elao/mr-chromebox-scripts/raw/master-2023-5/firmware-util.sh&&sudobashfirmware-util.sh


回车并确认,因为VT-2模式下复制粘贴,所以最好多检查几遍服务器地址(感谢ELAO大佬的镜像脚本)。


另外,VT-2模式下无法进行截图,所以这里借国光大佬的截图一用(感谢大佬)。


如果命令执行正确,你会看到如下界面,输入2并回车。


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

(图源:雷科技)


接下来就是按照提示输入对应字符并敲击回车,分别是Y、I ACCEPT和Y,之后会提醒进行bios备份。


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

(图源:雷科技)


如果没有刷回ChromeOS的打算,这里直接输入N即可。


当然,保险起见也可以拿出一个空白U盘,插入接口,并输入Y,接着按提示完成备份即可。


备份完成后脚本会开始自动刷入bios,此时无需操作,等待即可,随后会出现一连串英文,看到这串绿色文字就说明刷写成功。


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

(图源:雷科技)


然后回车返回主菜单,输入R并敲击回车,重启电脑后按下ESC即可进入新的bios界面。


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

(图源:雷科技)


到了这里,我们就已经成功一半了。接下来如果想刷Windows系统,那么只需要用微软的官方系统安装程序制作一个启动盘,插入任意一个数据接口后重启到bios,进入“boot menu”并选择对应的U盘敲击回车,就可以进入Windows的系统安装界面。


这里需要提醒一下,因为Chrome设备不一定配备有TPM 2.0模块(就算有,失去原生bios也大概率无法再启动),所以建议大家选择Windows 10,或者是Windows 11 PE(这个要麻烦一些,相关教程可在网上搜索)。


不过,我们的目标是刷入macOS,所以下一步就是将32GB的固态硬盘换成更大容量的硬盘。虽然理论上64GB即可完成安装,但是考虑到后续使用,建议选择256GB或者更高容量的硬盘。


更换硬盘同样需要拆机,图中最上方的接口就是Nvme M.2,拆下原装硬盘后更换即可,这里我已经换了一个金邦512GB硬盘。


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

(图源:雷科技摄制)


接下来就是制作macOS启动盘了,相关教程在网上有很多,所以我就不再重复了。考虑到兼容性等问题,建议选择macOS 13 Ventura的版本,EFI文档可以在github搜索ASUS ChromeBox i7-8550U等关键词查找,然后根据教程替换EFI即可。


事情进行到这里,理论上是可以直接刷入macOS了,但是在进入macOS恢复模式的中途,我却遇到了花屏问题。在确认了显示器与HDMI线均正常后,我尝试烧录不同版本的macOS进行安装,最终都无一例外进入花屏模式。


根据我搜索到的信息来看,花屏的原因可能有两个:1、驱动不匹配;2、引导有问题。此外还有个玄学原因:U盘速度过快,保险起见,个人建议使用USB 2.0的U盘。


针对以上两个问题,我进行了逐个排查,最终所有努力都宣告失败,更换EFI和U盘都无法进入安装步骤。甚至在后续重新尝试时,macOS的安装引导都无法唤醒,只能进入Windows 11 PE系统,至此,所有尝试刷入macOS的方法都以失败告终。


最终我也只能是接受这个事实,并选择安装Windows 10,整个过程十分顺利,系统自动安装了核显驱动,后续我又通过360驱动大师对驱动进行了修复,除3.5mm接口无法使用外,其余功能一切正常。


麻雀虽小,五脏俱全


成功安装好Windows 10系统后,我对这台迷你PC进行了一系列的测试,CPU-Z的测试中,i7-8550U获得了单核434、多核2106的分数,理论性能与i7-4790K十分接近,如果对比移动端,则可以媲美十代i5低压处理器。


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

(图源:雷科技)


在AIDA 64的单烤FPU测试中,5分钟后温度稳定在87-88度,风扇声音几乎听不见,猜测是已经撞了温度墙,此时CPU主频为2.3GHz,基本与采用同类型处理器的笔记本电脑相当,符合预期。


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

(图源:雷科技)


而在鲁大师的测试中,CPU最终得分为193188,核显得分为65517。


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

(图源:雷科技)


作为一款要价仅五六百元的设备,华硕Chrome Box3整体表现并不算差,作为对比,我找来了目前市面上同价位普遍采用的N100处理器的相关数据。这款处理器的CPU-Z测试成绩为单核364、多核1222(同15W功耗情况下),鲁大师测试中CPU分数仅为18万左右,核显分数为35000左右。


综合来看,i7-8550U的性能是优于铭瑄N100的,特别是在核显性能上,有着接近两倍的提升。虽然严格来说都无法运行大型游戏,但是在实测中,i7-8550U在1080P分辨率下游玩LOL可以稳定在60Hz,而N100则不行。


对于设备要求不高的朋友来说,华硕Chrome Box3的性能已经能够满足日常娱乐和上网的需求。而且相较于该价位段迷你电脑普遍的单内存卡槽设计,这款Chrome设备的双内存卡槽也意味着更高的升级空间。


The Adventures of a Low-Cost Chrome Host: It Can’t Install Black Apple, but It Can Be Considered a Qualified PC

(图源:雷科技摄制)


此外,得益于不错的多核性能,华硕Chrome Box3也很适合作为软路由等设备来使用,不过相关操作就不在本文的讨论范围内了,有兴趣的朋友可以买一台类似的产品回家自己折腾,单论处理器性能,肯定是比市面上绝大多数路由器都强悍的。


虽然刷macOS失败,但是网上并不缺少成功的案例,如果想折腾一下超廉价版macOS,那么也可以自己尝试一下,况且再不济也能作为一个迷你Windows电脑来使用,放在家里给父母上网,或者丢在电视旁边充当4K播放器,都是不错的选择。


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