How to manage concurrency in Golang?

Managing concurrency in Go involves using goroutines (concurrent execution units), channels (data transfer mechanisms), and wait groups (synchronization mechanisms). By creating goroutines and utilizing channels to transfer data securely, developers can perform multiple tasks simultaneously. Wait groups allow waiting for goroutines to complete their tasks. The combination of these mechanisms enables Go applications to handle concurrency efficiently and responsively.

How to manage concurrency in Golang?

Introduction

Concurrency is an important programming concept that allows multiple tasks to be performed simultaneously, thereby improving efficiency and responsiveness. In Go, concurrency can be achieved through goroutine, which is a lightweight thread.

Goroutine

Goroutine is a concurrent execution unit in Go. They are scheduled and dispatched automatically by the Go runtime. The syntax for creating a new goroutine is as follows:

go func() {
  // goroutine 的代码在此处执行
}

Channel

A channel is a communication mechanism that allows safe and reliable data transmission between goroutines. The syntax is as follows:

ch := make(chan Type, bufferSize)

where Type is the data type transmitted by the channel, and bufferSize is the buffer capacity of the channel.

WaitGroup

Waiting group is a synchronization mechanism in Go, which allows waiting for multiple goroutines to complete their respective tasks. The syntax is as follows:

var wg sync.WaitGroup

Practical case: Concurrent Web server

The following is a simple example of using concurrency to create a Web server:

// demo.go
package main

import (
    "log"
    "net/http"
    "sync"
)

var wg sync.WaitGroup

func main() {
    // 创建一个通道来接收 HTTP 请求
    reqs := make(chan *http.Request)

    // 创建一个 goroutine 来处理请求
    wg.Add(1)
    go func() {
        defer wg.Done()
        for req := range reqs {
            // 处理请求...
        }
    }()

    // 创建 HTTP 服务器
    srv := &http.Server{
        Addr:    ":8080",
        Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
            reqs <- r
        }),
    }

    // 运行服务器
    log.Fatal(srv.ListenAndServe())
}

Conclusion

Concurrency can be easily managed in Go by using goroutines, channels and wait groups. This enables developers to create efficient, responsive applications.

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