Common pitfalls and solutions in C++ concurrent programming

Common pitfalls and solutions: Data race: Use synchronization mechanisms (such as mutexes) to ensure data integrity. Deadlock: Use deadlock detection or resource acquisition sequential design. Priority inversion: Use priority inheritance or ceiling protocols. Thread starvation: Use fair or time slice scheduling algorithms. Non-cancellable operations: Use cancelable threads or tasks to implement cancellation functionality.

C Common pitfalls and solutions of concurrent programming

Concurrent programming is the use of multiple cores or processors to execute multiple tasks at the same time. A programming technique for tasks. In C, concurrency can be achieved using threads, tasks, or coroutines. However, there are some common pitfalls in concurrent programming that, if not addressed, can lead to deadlocks, data races, and performance issues.

1. Data competition

Data competition means that when multiple threads access the same memory, there is no appropriate synchronization mechanism to ensure the integrity of the data. This can lead to data inconsistency issues.

Solution: Use mutexes, locks, or atomic variables to synchronize access to shared data.

2. Deadlock

Deadlock occurs when two or more threads wait for each other to release resources. It causes all involved threads to wait indefinitely.

Solution: Use deadlock detection and recovery mechanisms, or carefully design the order of resource acquisition between threads.

3. Priority inversion

Priority inversion means that a low-priority thread occupies the resources required by a high-priority thread, resulting in high Priority threads cannot obtain necessary resources.

Solution: Use priority inheritance or a priority ceiling protocol to prevent priority inversion.

4. Thread starvation

Thread starvation means that a thread cannot obtain execution time for a long time, causing it to be unable to complete its task.

Solution: Use fair scheduling algorithm or time slice scheduling algorithm to ensure that each thread gets appropriate execution time.

5. Non-cancellable operation

Non-cancellable operation means that once a thread is started, it cannot be canceled by other threads.

Solution: Use cancelable threads, tasks or coroutines to implement cancelable operations.

Practical case

The following is an example of using threads in C to implement concurrent calculations:

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>

using namespace std;

void printMessage(const string& message) {
    cout << "Thread " << this_thread::get_id() << ": " << message << endl;
}

int main() {
    thread t1(printMessage, "Hello, world!");
    thread t2(printMessage, "Goodbye, world!");

    t1.join();
    t2.join();

    return 0;
}

In this example, two threads are concurrent print information. By using the join() method, the main thread waits for the two child threads to complete execution.

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