Python中除了字典,列表,元组还有一个非常好用的数据结构,那就是set了,灵活的运用set可以减去不少的操作(虽然set可以用列表代替)
小例子
1.如果我要在许多列表中找出相同的项,那么用集合是最好不过的了,用集合只用一行就可以解决
x & y & z # 交集
2.去重
>>> lst = [1,2,3,4,1]
>>> print list(set(lst))
[1, 2, 3, 4]
用法
注意set因为没有位置的概念所以list方法切片什么的都没有用,需要的时候再转化为list
内建函数创建set
set([1, 2, 3, 4])
基本操作
t.add('x') # 添加一项
s.update([10,37,42]) # 在s中添加多项
t.remove('H') # 删除一项
len(s) # set 的长度
x in s # 测试 x 是否是 s 的成员
x not in s # 测试 x 是否不是 s 的成员
s.issubset(t)
s
s.issuperset(t)
s >= t # 测试是否 t 中的每一个元素都在 s 中
s.union(t)
s | t # 返回一个新的 set 包含 s 和 t 中的每一个元素
s.intersection(t)
s & t # 返回一个新的 set 包含 s 和 t 中的公共元素
s.difference(t)
s - t # 返回一个新的 set 包含 s 中有但是 t 中没有的元素
s.symmetric_difference(t)
s ^ t # 返回一个新的 set 包含 s 和 t 中不重复的元素
s.copy() # 返回 set “s”的一个浅复制

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