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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialPython实现的数据结构与算法之链表详解

本文实例讲述了Python实现的数据结构与算法之链表。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下:

一、概述

链表(linked list)是一组数据项的集合,其中每个数据项都是一个节点的一部分,每个节点还包含指向下一个节点的链接。
根据结构的不同,链表可以分为单向链表、单向循环链表、双向链表、双向循环链表等。其中,单向链表和单向循环链表的结构如下图所示:

二、ADT

这里只考虑单向循环链表ADT,其他类型的链表ADT大同小异。单向循环链表ADT(抽象数据类型)一般提供以下接口:

① SinCycLinkedlist() 创建单向循环链表
② add(item) 向链表中插入数据项
③ remove(item) 删除链表中的数据项
④ search(item) 在链表中查找数据项是否存在
⑤ empty() 判断链表是否为空
⑥ size() 返回链表中数据项的个数

单向循环链表操作的示意图如下:

三、Python实现

Python的内建类型list底层是由C数组实现的,list在功能上更接近C++的vector(因为可以动态调整数组大小)。我们都知道,数组是连续列表,链表是链接列表,二者在概念和结构上完全不同,因此list不能用于实现链表。
在C/C++中,通常采用“指针+结构体”来实现链表;而在Python中,则可以采用“引用+类”来实现链表。在下面的代码中,SinCycLinkedlist类代表单向循环链表,Node类代表链表中的一个节点:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
class Node:
  def __init__(self, initdata):
    self.__data = initdata
    self.__next = None
  def getData(self):
    return self.__data
  def getNext(self):
    return self.__next
  def setData(self, newdata):
    self.__data = newdata
  def setNext(self, newnext):
    self.__next = newnext
class SinCycLinkedlist:
  def __init__(self):
    self.head = Node(None)
    self.head.setNext(self.head)
  def add(self, item):
    temp = Node(item)
    temp.setNext(self.head.getNext())
    self.head.setNext(temp)
  def remove(self, item):
    prev = self.head
    while prev.getNext() != self.head:
      cur = prev.getNext()
      if cur.getData() == item:
        prev.setNext(cur.getNext())
      prev = prev.getNext()
  def search(self, item):
    cur = self.head.getNext()
    while cur != self.head:
      if cur.getData() == item:
        return True
      cur = cur.getNext()
    return False
  def empty(self):
    return self.head.getNext() == self.head
  def size(self):
    count = 0
    cur = self.head.getNext()
    while cur != self.head:
      count += 1
      cur = cur.getNext()
    return count
if __name__ == '__main__':
  s = SinCycLinkedlist()
  print('s.empty() == %s, s.size() == %s' % (s.empty(), s.size()))
  s.add(19)
  s.add(86)
  print('s.empty() == %s, s.size() == %s' % (s.empty(), s.size()))
  print('86 is%s in s' % ('' if s.search(86) else ' not',))
  print('4 is%s in s' % ('' if s.search(4) else ' not',))
  print('s.empty() == %s, s.size() == %s' % (s.empty(), s.size()))
  s.remove(19)
  print('s.empty() == %s, s.size() == %s' % (s.empty(), s.size()))

运行结果:

$ python sincyclinkedlist.py
s.empty() == True, s.size() == 0
s.empty() == False, s.size() == 2
86 is in s
4 is not in s
s.empty() == False, s.size() == 2
s.empty() == False, s.size() == 1

希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。

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