Home >Database >Mysql Tutorial >SQLServer 数据导入导出的几种方法小结

SQLServer 数据导入导出的几种方法小结

WBOY
WBOYOriginal
2016-06-07 18:01:031014browse

在涉及到SQL Server编程或是管理时一定会用到数据的导入与导出, 导入导出的方法有多种,结合我在做项目时的经历做一下汇总

1. SQL Server导入导出向导,这种方式是最方便的.

导入向导,微软提供了多种数据源驱动,包括SQL Server Native Cliant, OLE DB For Oracle,Flat File Source,Access,Excel,XML等,基本上可以满足系统开发的需求.
同样导出向导也有同样多的目的源驱动,可以把数据导入到不同的目的源.
对数据库管理人员来说这种方式简单容易操作,导入时SQL Server也会帮你建立相同结构的Table.
2. 用.NET的代码实现(比如有一个txt或是excel的档案,到读取到DB中)
2.1 最为常见的就是循环读取txt的内容,然后一条一条的塞入到Table中.这里不再赘述.
2.2 集合整体读取,使用OLEDB驱动.

代码如下:
代码如下:
string strOLEDBConnect = @"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=D:\1\;Extended Properties='text;HDR=Yes;FMT=Delimited'";
OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(strOLEDBConnect);
conn.Open();
SQLstmt = "select * from 1.txt";//读取.txt中的数据
DataTable dt=new DataTable();
OleDbDataAdapter da = new OleDbDataAdapter(SQLstmt, conn);
da.Fill(dt);//在DataSet的指定范围中添加或刷新行以匹配使用DataSet、DataTable 和IDataReader 名称的数据源中的行。
if(dt.Rows.Count>0)
foreach(DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
{
SQLstmt = "insert into MyTable values('" + dr..."

3.BCP,可以用作大容量的数据导入导出,也可以配合xp_cmdshell来使用.
语法:

BCP语法
代码如下:
bcp {[[database_name.][schema].]{table_name | view_name} | "query"}
{in | out | queryout | format} data_file
[-mmax_errors] [-fformat_file] [-x] [-eerr_file]
[-Ffirst_row] [-Llast_row] [-bbatch_size]
[-ddatabase_name] [-n] [-c] [-N] [-w] [-V (70 | 80 | 90 )]
[-q] [-C { ACP | OEM | RAW | code_page } ] [-tfield_term]
[-rrow_term] [-iinput_file] [-ooutput_file] [-apacket_size]
[-S [server_name[\instance_name]]] [-Ulogin_id] [-Ppassword]
[-T] [-v] [-R] [-k] [-E] [-h"hint [,...n]"]

请注意数据导入导出的方向参数:in,out,queryout

如:

如:

4.BULK INSERT. T-SQL的命令,允许直接导入数据
语法:
代码如下:
BULK INSERT
[ database_name. [ schema_name ] . | schema_name. ] [ table_name | view_name ]
FROM 'data_file'
[ WITH
(
[ [ , ] BATCHSIZE =batch_size ]
[ [ , ] CHECK_CONSTRAINTS ]
[ [ , ] CODEPAGE = { 'ACP' | 'OEM' | 'RAW' | 'code_page' } ]
[ [ , ] DATAFILETYPE =
{ 'char' | 'native'| 'widechar' | 'widenative' } ]
[ [ , ] FIELDTERMINATOR = 'field_terminator' ]
[ [ , ] FIRSTROW = first_row ]
[ [ , ] FIRE_TRIGGERS ]
[ [ , ] FORMATFILE ='format_file_path' ]
[ [ , ] KEEPIDENTITY ]
[ [ , ] KEEPNULLS ]
[ [ , ] KILOBYTES_PER_BATCH =kilobytes_per_batch ]
[ [ , ] LASTROW =last_row ]
[ [ , ] MAXERRORS =max_errors ]
[ [ , ] ORDER ( { column [ ASC | DESC ] } [ ,...n ] ) ]
[ [ , ] ROWS_PER_BATCH =rows_per_batch ]
[ [ , ] ROWTERMINATOR ='row_terminator' ]
[ [ , ] TABLOCK ]
[ [ , ] ERRORFILE ='file_name' ]
)]

重要参数:
FIELDTERMINATOR,字段分隔符
FIRSTROW:第一个数据行
ROWTERMINATOR:行终结符
如:



代码如下:
BULK INSERT dbo.ImportTest
FROM 'C:\ImportData.txt'
WITH ( FIELDTERMINATOR =',', FIRSTROW = 2 )


5. OPENROWSET也是T-SQL的命令,包含有DB连接的信息和其它导入方法不同的是,OPENROWSET可以作为一个目标表参与INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE操作.
语法:
代码如下:
OPENROWSET
( { 'provider_name', { 'datasource';'user_id';'password'
| 'provider_string' }
, { [ catalog. ] [ schema. ] object
| 'query'
}
| BULK 'data_file',
{ FORMATFILE ='format_file_path' [ ]
| SINGLE_BLOB | SINGLE_CLOB | SINGLE_NCLOB }
} ) ::=
[ , CODEPAGE = { 'ACP' | 'OEM' | 'RAW' | 'code_page' } ]
[ , ERRORFILE ='file_name' ]
[ , FIRSTROW = first_row ]
[ , LASTROW = last_row ]
[ , MAXERRORS = maximum_errors ]
[ , ROWS_PER_BATCH =rows_per_batch ]

如:
代码如下:
INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest
SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'Excel 8.0;Database=C:\ImportData.xls', 'SELECT * FROM [Sheet1$]' WHERE A1 IS NOT NULL)

6.OPENDATASOURCE
语法:
OPENDATASOURCE ( provider_name,init_string )
如:
代码如下:
INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest
SELECT * FROM OPENDATASOURCE('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'Data Source=C:\ImportData.xls;Extended Properties=Excel 8.0')...[Sheet1$]

7.OPENQUERY.是在linked server的基础上执行的查询.所以执行之前必须先建立好link server.OPENQUERY的结果集可以作为一个table参与DML的操作.
语法:
OPENQUERY (linked_server ,'query')
如:
代码如下:
EXEC sp_addlinkedserver 'ImportData',
'Jet 4.0', 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'C:\ImportData.xls',
NULL,
'Excel 8.0'
GO
INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest
SELECT *
FROM OPENQUERY(ImportData, 'SELECT * FROM [Sheet1$]')


以上只是简单总结的一些DB数据导入导出的方法及其一些简单的实例,希望对你实践中会有所帮助.
Statement:
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn