IBM Informix 为处理时间序列数据提供了本机支持。IBM Informix 中提供的 TimeSeries 数据类型有助于减少存储的成本,以及在您选择和加载大量时间序列数据时改善性能。在本文中,您将学习如何开始创建和加载时间序列数据。
另外,Virtual Table Interface 让时间序列看起来像正常的表。本文还将描述 IBM Informix 时间序列组件的一般架构、创建和加载一个时间序列的步骤,以及使用 Open Admin 工具管理一个时间序列。
IBM Informix TimeSeries 解决方案改进了功能,扩展了对时间序列数据进行存储、操作和访问的支持。它使您能够通过选择时间序列间隔和指定时间序列的存储位置,自由地管理时间序列数据。
时间序列数据是一组数据,其中每一项都具有时间戳并按时间顺序访问,可以按时序进行处理和分析。Informix TimeSeries 解决方案的主要优势包括以下方面。
- 相比传统的关系方法,节省了高达 80% 的存储空间。
- 相比传统的关系方法,在处理时态数据方面的性能改进了几个数量级。
- 通过内置的例程减少了应用程序开发成本。
- 通过 Open Admin 工具简化了管理。
本文将介绍处理时间序列数据的步骤。创建和加载一个 TimeSeries 的步骤涉及到处理以下组件。
- 日历
- 日历模式
- TimeSeries 列
- TimeSeries 容器
本文还会向您展示如何执行以下活动。
- 创建一个 TimeSeries
- 加载数据
要开始使用 TimeSeries,您需要首先创建一个缓冲的日志数据库。
TimeSeries 架构
TimeSeries 子类型是一个 ROW 集合。一个 ROW 数据类型是由具有相同数据类型或不同数据类型的列组成。在定义一个 TimeSeries 时,Informix 可使用其自身的日历和 TimeSeries 开始日期。
TimeSeries 的总体架构和不同组件如下所述。这两个主要组件是 TimeSeries 数据类型和 TimeSeries 子类型(Row 数据类型)。TimeSeries 数据类型充当 TimeSeries 子类型(一个 ROW 集合)的一个类型构造函数。ROW 数据类型包含由一组命名列所组成的单一数据库列,这些列具有您定义的相同或不同的数据类型。
时间戳列必需是第一列并具有 DATETIME YEAR TO FRACTION(5) 类型。在图 1 中所示的示例中,该表包含 meter_id 列(包含仪表编号)和 meter_data 列(包含 TimeSeries)。每个表行包含不同的 TimeSeries。在此示例中,表中的 3 行拥有一个子类型 meter_data 的 TimeSeries。元素的结构是由 TimeSeries 行子类型进行定义。
图 1. TimeSeries 架构
日历和日历模式数据类型
日历定义何时需要 TimeSeries 数据。在开始定义包含 TimeSeries 列的表之前,您需要依据想要的 TimeSeries 数据频率来创建日历。有一些内置的日历可供快速使用。
要设置日历,您必需创建日历模式并创建日历。
创建日历模式
要创建日历模式,必需在 CalendarPatterns 表中插入值。
清单 1 中的示例展示了如何创建一个名为 sm_15min 的日历模式。该模式以分钟为单位,每 15 分钟就有一个有效的输入。
清单 1. 创建日历模式
INSERT INTO CalendarPatterns values ( 'sm_15min', '{1 on , 14 off}, minute');
创建日历
要创建日历,您必需在 CalendarTable 表中插入值。清单 2 展示了如何将一个名为 cal_15min 的日历插入到 CalendarTable 表中。
清单 2. 创建日历
insert into CalendarTable(c_name, c_calendar) values ('cal_15min', 'startdate(2012-01-01 00:00:00), pattstart(2012-01-01 00:00:00), pattname(sm_15min)');
这个日历从 2012 年 1 月 1 日开始。其模式也从 2012 年 1 月 1 日 00:00:00 开始,它使用上一步中创建的模式 sm_15min。

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