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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorialmysql数据库自动备份且恢复破坏数据方法

介绍数据库自动备份以及数据库被破坏后的恢复的方法。在这里,我们使用mysqlhotcopy,并且定义一段Shell脚本来实现数据库的自动备份,并且,让整个数据自动备份与数据恢复过程都基于Shell。

建立备份所需条件

[1] 建立自动备份脚本

在这里,为了使数据库备份和恢复的符合我们的实际要求,用一段符合要求的Shell脚本来实现整个备份过程的自动化。

 代码如下 复制代码
[root@CentOS ~]# vi -backup.sh ← 建立数据库自动备份脚本,如下:
#!/bin/bash
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin
# The Directory of Backup
BACKDIR=/backup/mysql
# The Password of MySQL
ROOTPASS=******** 此处请将星号替换成MySQL的root密码
# Remake the Directory of Backup
rm -rf $BACKDIR
mkdir -p $BACKDIR
# Get the Name of Database
DBLIST=`ls -p /var/lib/mysql | grep / | tr -d /`
# Backup with Database
for dbname in $DBLIST
do
mysqlhotcopy $dbname -u root -p $ROOTPASS $BACKDIR | logger -t mysqlhotcopy
done

[2] 运行数据库自动备份脚本

 代码如下 复制代码

[root@CentOS ~]# chmod 700 mysql-backup.sh 改变脚本属性,让其只能让root用户执行
[root@CentOS ~]# ./mysql-backup.sh 运行脚本
[root@CentOS ~]# ls -l /backup/mysql/ 确认一下是否备份成功
total 8
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 1 16:54 mysql 已成功备份到/backup/mysql目录中

[3] 让数据库备份脚本每天自动运行

[root@sample ~]# crontab -e ← 编辑自动运行规则(然后会出现编辑窗口,操作同vi)
00 03 * * * /root/mysql-backup.sh 添加这一行到文件中,让数据库备份每天凌晨3点进行

 

测试自动备份正常运转与否(备份恢复的方法)

这里,以通过实际操作的过程来介绍问题出现后的恢复方法。

[1] 当数据库被删除后的恢复方法

首先建立一个测试用的数据库。

 代码如下 复制代码
[root@CentOS ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 用root登录到MySQL服务器
Enter password: ← 输入MySQL的root用户密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8 to server version: 4.1.20
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> create database test; ← 建立一个测试用的数据库test
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test ← 连接到这个数据库
Database changed
mysql> create table test(num int, name varchar(50)); ← 在数据库中建立一个表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> insert into test values(1,'Hello,CentOS'); ← 插入一个值到这个表(这里以“Hello,CentOS”为例)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> * from test; ← 查看数据库中的内容
+------+-----------------+
| num | name |
+------+-----------------+
|1 | Hello,Centos | ← 确认刚刚插入到表中的值的存在
+------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye

然后,运行刚才建立的数据库备份脚本,备份刚刚建立的测试用的数据库。

[root@sample ~]# cd ← 回到脚本所在的root用户的根目录
[root@sample ~]# ./mysql-backup.sh ← 运行脚本进行数据库备份

接下来,我们再次登录到MySQL服务器中,删除刚刚建立的测试用的数据库test,以便于测试数据恢复能否成功。

 代码如下 复制代码
[root@Centos ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 用root登录到MySQL服务器
Enter password: ← 输入MySQL的root用户密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13 to server version: 4.1.20
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> use test ← 连接到测试用的test数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> drop table test; ← 删除数据中的表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> drop database test; ← 删除测试用数据库test
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+---------------+
| Database |
+---------------+
| mysql | ← 确认测试用的test数据库已不存在、已被删除
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye

以上,我们就等于模拟了数据库被破坏的过程。接下来,是数据库被“破坏”后,用备份进行恢复的方法。

[root@Centos ~]# /bin/cp -Rf /backup/mysql/test/ /var/lib/mysql/ ← 复制备份的数据库test到相应目录
[root@Centos ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/test/ ← 改变数据库test的归属为mysql
[root@Centos ~]# chmod 700 /var/lib/mysql/test/ ← 改变数据库目录属性为700
[root@Centos ~]# chmod 660 /var/lib/mysql/test/* ← 改变数据库中数据的属性为660

然后,再次登录到MySQL服务器上,看是否已经成功恢复了数据库。

 代码如下 复制代码

[root@CentOS ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 用root登录到MySQL服务器
Enter password: ← 输入MySQL的root用户密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 14 to server version: 4.1.20
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> show databases; ← 查看当前存在的数据库
+-------------+
| Database |
+-------------+
| mysql |
| test | ← 确认刚刚被删除的test数据库已经成功被恢复回来!
+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test ← 连接到test数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables; ← 查看test数据库中存在的表
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+-------------------+
| test |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from test; ← 查看数据库中的内容
+------+---------------------+
| num | name |
+------+---------------------+
| 1 | Hello,CentOS | ← 确认数据表中的内容与删除前定义的“Hello,CentOS”一样!
+------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye

以上结果表示,数据库被删除后,用备份后的数据库成功的将数据恢复到了删除前的状态

 

2] 当数据库被修改后的恢复方法

数据库被修改,可能存在着多方面的原因,被入侵、以及相应程序存在Bug等等,这里不作详细介绍。这里将只介绍在数据库被修改后,如果恢复到被修改前状态的方法。

具体和上面所述的“数据库被删除后的恢复方法”相类似。这里,测试用数据库接着使用刚刚在前面用过的test。这里为了使刚刚接触数据库的朋友不至于理解混乱,我们再次登录到MySQL服务器上确认一下刚刚建立的测试用的数据库test的相关信息。

 代码如下 复制代码
[root@CentOS ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 用root登录到MySQL服务器
Enter password: ← 输入MySQL的root用户密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 14 to server version: 4.1.20
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> show databases; ← 查看当前存在的数据库
+-------------+
| Database |
+-------------+
| mysql |
| test |
+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test ← 连接到test数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables; ← 查看test数据库中存在的表
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+-------------------+
| test |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from test; ← 查看数据库中的内容
+------+--------------------+
| num | name |
+------+--------------------+
| 1 | Hello,CentOS|
+------+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye

然后,我们再次运行数据库备份脚本,将当前状态的数据库,再做一次备份。

[root@CentOS ~]# cd ← 回到脚本所在的root用户的根目录
[root@CentOS ~]# ./mysql-backup.sh ← 运行脚本进行数据库备份

接下来,我们再次登录到MySQL服务器中,对测试用的数据库test进行一些修改,以便于测试数据恢复能否成功。

 代码如下 复制代码
[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 用root登录到MySQL服务器
Enter password: ← 输入MySQL的root用户密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 15 to server version: 4.1.20
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> use test ← 连接到test数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> update test set name='Shit,Windows'; ← 然后将test中表的值重新定义为“Shit,Windows”(原来为“Hello,CentOS”)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from test; ← 确认test中的表被定义的值
+------+--------------------+
| num | name |
+------+-------------------+
| 1 | Shit,Windows | ← 确认已经将原test数据库表中的值修改为新的值“Shit,Windows”
+------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye

以上,我们就等于模拟了数据库被篡改的过程。接下来,是数据库被“篡改”后,用备份进行恢复的方法。

[root@CentOS ~]# /bin/cp -Rf /backup/mysql/test/ /var/lib/mysql/ ← 复制备份的数据库test到相应目录

然后,再次登录到MySQL服务器上,看数据库是否被恢复到了被“篡改”之前的状态。

 代码如下 复制代码
[root@CentOS ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 用root登录到MySQL服务器
Enter password: ← 输入MySQL的root用户密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 16 to server version: 4.1.20
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> use test ← 连接到test数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from test; ← 查看数据库中的内容
+------+----------------+
| num | name |
+------+----------------+
| 1| Hello,CentOS | ← 确认数据表中的内容与被修改前定义的“Hello,CentOS”一样!
+------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye

以上结果表示,数据库被修改后,用备份后的数据库成功的将数据恢复到了被“篡改”前的状态。

测试后…

测试完成后,将测试用过的遗留信息删除。

 代码如下 复制代码
[root@CentOS ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 用root登录到MySQL服务器
Enter password: ← 输入MySQL的root用户密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 19 to server version: 4.1.20
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> use test ← 连接到test数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> drop table test; ← 删除test数据库中的表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> drop database test; ← 删除测试用数据库test
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases; ← 查看当前存在的数据库
+-------------+
| Database |
+-------------+
| mysql | ← 确认测试用数据库test不存在、已被删除
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye

以上介绍了用我们自己建立的一段Shell脚本,通过mysqlhotcopy来备份数据库的方法。

对于许多个人爱好者来说,组建服务器可能不是很考虑数据被破坏以及数据被破坏后的恢复工作。但不能不说,对于服务器来说,数据破坏后的恢复效率也是区 别业余和专业的因素之一。所以笔者建议,在您配置好了Web服务器以及MySQL服务器等等的时候,千万不要急于应用它,而要想办法在有限的(硬件、软件)条件下使它“坚不可摧”之后,再考虑应用的问题。

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