一.分页查询: 1. 根据rowid来分 select * from t_xiaoxi where rowid in (select rid from (select rownum rn, rid fr
一.分页查询:
1. 根据rowid来分
select * from t_xiaoxi where rowid in (select rid from (select rownum rn, rid from(select rowid rid, cid from t_xiaoxi order by cid desc) where rownum9980) order by cid desc;
执行时间0.03秒
2. 按分析函数来分
select * from (select t.*, row_number() over(order by cid desc) rk from t_xiaoxi t) where rk9980;
执行时间1.01秒
3. 按rownum来分
select * from (select t.*,rownum rn from(select * from t_xiaoxi order by cid desc)t where rownum9980;
执行时间0.1秒
按rownum来分
a. rownum 分页
SELECT * FROM emp;
b. 显示rownum[Oracle分配的]
SELECT e.*, ROWNUM rn FROM (SELECT * FROM emp) e;
rn相当于Oracle分配的行的ID号
c.挑选出6—10条记录
先查出1-10条记录
SELECT e.*, ROWNUM rn FROM (SELECT * FROM emp) e WHERE ROWNUM 如果后面加上rownum>=6是不行的,
然后查出6-10条记录
SELECT * FROM (SELECT e.*, ROWNUM rn FROM (SELECT * FROM emp) e WHERE ROWNUM = 6;
*指定查询列,只需要修改最里层的子查询
SELECT * FROM (SELECT e.*, ROWNUM rn FROM (SELECT ename, sal FROM emp) e WHERE ROWNUM = 6;
*排序查询,,只需要修改最里层的子查询
工资排序后查询6-10条数据
SELECT * FROM (SELECT e.*, ROWNUM rn FROM (SELECT ename, sal FROM emp ORDER by sal) e WHERE ROWNUM = 6;
二.用查询结果创建新表
CREATE TABLE mytable (id, name, sal, job, deptno) as SELECT empno, ename, sal, job, deptno FROM emp;
三.合并查询
实际应用中,有时为了合并多个select语句的结果,可以使用集合操作符号union,union all,intersect,minus
多用于数据量比较大的数据局库,运行速度快。
1). union
该操作符用于取得两个结果集的并集。当使用该操作符时,会自动去掉结果集中重复行。
SELECT ename, sal, job FROM emp WHERE sal >2500
UNION
SELECT ename, sal, job FROM emp WHERE job = 'MANAGER';
2).union all
该操作符与union相似,但是它不会取消重复行,而且不会排序。
SELECT ename, sal, job FROM emp WHERE sal >2500
UNION ALL
SELECT ename, sal, job FROM emp WHERE job = 'MANAGER';
该操作符用于取得两个结果集的并集。当使用该操作符时,会自动去掉结果集中重复行。
3). intersect
使用该操作符用于取得两个结果集的交集。
SELECT ename, sal, job FROM emp WHERE sal >2500
INTERSECT
SELECT ename, sal, job FROM emp WHERE job = 'MANAGER';
4). minus
使用改操作符用于取得两个结果集的差集,他只会显示存在第一个集合中,而不存在第二个集合中的数据。
SELECT ename, sal, job FROM emp WHERE sal >2500
MINUS
SELECT ename, sal, job FROM emp WHERE job = 'MANAGER';
(MINUS就是减法的意思)
四.左右连接
1、内连接(自然连接): 只有两个表相匹配的行才能在结果集中出现
2、外连接: 包括
(1)左外连接 (左边的表不加限制) select a.studentno, a.studentname, b.classname
from students a, classes b where a.classid = b.classid(+);
(2)右外连接(右边的表不加限制) select a.studentno, a.studentname, b.classname
from students a, classes b where a.classid(+) = b.classid
(3)全外连接(左右两表都不加限制)
总之,
左连接显示左边全部的和右边与左边相同的
右连接显示右边全部的和左边与右边相同的
内连接是只显示满足条件的!
补充:
使用(+)的注意事项:
1.(+)操作符只能出现在where子句中,并且不能与outer join语法同时使用。
2.当使用(+)操作符执行外连接时,如果在where子句中包含有多个条件,则必须在所有条件中都包含(+)操作符。
3.(+)操作符不能与or和in操作符一起使用。
4.(+)操作符只能用于实现左外连接和右外连接,而不能用于实现完全外连接。
相关阅读:
Oracle 并行查询
Oracle用户信息查询操作语句
Oracle单表查询某列最大最小值的性能问题
回收站引发Oracle查询表空间使用缓慢

MySQL index cardinality has a significant impact on query performance: 1. High cardinality index can more effectively narrow the data range and improve query efficiency; 2. Low cardinality index may lead to full table scanning and reduce query performance; 3. In joint index, high cardinality sequences should be placed in front to optimize query.

The MySQL learning path includes basic knowledge, core concepts, usage examples, and optimization techniques. 1) Understand basic concepts such as tables, rows, columns, and SQL queries. 2) Learn the definition, working principles and advantages of MySQL. 3) Master basic CRUD operations and advanced usage, such as indexes and stored procedures. 4) Familiar with common error debugging and performance optimization suggestions, such as rational use of indexes and optimization queries. Through these steps, you will have a full grasp of the use and optimization of MySQL.

MySQL's real-world applications include basic database design and complex query optimization. 1) Basic usage: used to store and manage user data, such as inserting, querying, updating and deleting user information. 2) Advanced usage: Handle complex business logic, such as order and inventory management of e-commerce platforms. 3) Performance optimization: Improve performance by rationally using indexes, partition tables and query caches.

SQL commands in MySQL can be divided into categories such as DDL, DML, DQL, DCL, etc., and are used to create, modify, delete databases and tables, insert, update, delete data, and perform complex query operations. 1. Basic usage includes CREATETABLE creation table, INSERTINTO insert data, and SELECT query data. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN for table joins, subqueries and GROUPBY for data aggregation. 3. Common errors such as syntax errors, data type mismatch and permission problems can be debugged through syntax checking, data type conversion and permission management. 4. Performance optimization suggestions include using indexes, avoiding full table scanning, optimizing JOIN operations and using transactions to ensure data consistency.

InnoDB achieves atomicity through undolog, consistency and isolation through locking mechanism and MVCC, and persistence through redolog. 1) Atomicity: Use undolog to record the original data to ensure that the transaction can be rolled back. 2) Consistency: Ensure the data consistency through row-level locking and MVCC. 3) Isolation: Supports multiple isolation levels, and REPEATABLEREAD is used by default. 4) Persistence: Use redolog to record modifications to ensure that data is saved for a long time.

MySQL's position in databases and programming is very important. It is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in various application scenarios. 1) MySQL provides efficient data storage, organization and retrieval functions, supporting Web, mobile and enterprise-level systems. 2) It uses a client-server architecture, supports multiple storage engines and index optimization. 3) Basic usages include creating tables and inserting data, and advanced usages involve multi-table JOINs and complex queries. 4) Frequently asked questions such as SQL syntax errors and performance issues can be debugged through the EXPLAIN command and slow query log. 5) Performance optimization methods include rational use of indexes, optimized query and use of caches. Best practices include using transactions and PreparedStatemen

MySQL is suitable for small and large enterprises. 1) Small businesses can use MySQL for basic data management, such as storing customer information. 2) Large enterprises can use MySQL to process massive data and complex business logic to optimize query performance and transaction processing.

InnoDB effectively prevents phantom reading through Next-KeyLocking mechanism. 1) Next-KeyLocking combines row lock and gap lock to lock records and their gaps to prevent new records from being inserted. 2) In practical applications, by optimizing query and adjusting isolation levels, lock competition can be reduced and concurrency performance can be improved.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Safe Exam Browser
Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

MantisBT
Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

SecLists
SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac
Powerful PHP integrated development environment