Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8中安装Oracle 10g R2详解
本篇博文参考《Oracle 10g官方文档》等资料,故选《RHEL4》操作系统。生产环境中强烈建议以《Oracle 10g官方文档》为蓝图!
一、预备:
1、硬件:注:括号()中是官方提供数据!
1-检查物理内存 (RAM至少1G)
[root@RHEL4 ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 1541764 kB //RAM是1.5G
[root@RHEL4 ~]#
2-检查Swap大小 (1G
[root@RHEL4 ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal: 3140696 kB //此处是1.5X2=3G
[root@RHEL4 ~]#
3-检查可用RAM和swap空间
[root@RHEL4 ~]# free
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 1541764 898536 643228 0 49480 542584
-/+ buffers/cache: 306472 1235292
Swap: 3140696 0 3140696
[root@RHEL4 ~]#
4-检查CPU
[root@RHEL4 ~]# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2430M CPU @ 2.40GHz
[root@RHEL4 ~]#
2、软件:
1-操作系统版本
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.8 X64bit
2-内核版本号
[root@RHEL4 ~]# uname -r
2.6.9-82.EL
[root@RHEL4 ~]#
3-RHEL4所需要安装的软件包
(1)binutils-2.15.92.0.2-10.EL4 (2)compat-db-4.1.25-9 (3)control-center-2.8.0-12 (4)gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4 (5)gcc-c++-3.4.3-9.EL4 (6)glibc-2.3.4-2 (7)glibc-common-2.3.4-2 (8)gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1 (9)libstdc++-3.4.3-9.EL4 (10)libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-9.EL4 (11)make-3.80-5 (12)pdksh-5.2.14-30 (13)sysstat-5.0.5-1 (14)xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2 备注: //查询是否已安装了上面14个软件包 rpm –qa | grep 软件包名 //安装软件包 方法1: rpm –ivh 软件包名 方法2: yum install 软件包名3. 在/etc/hosts后面添加1行:
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
192.168.1.224 RHEL4
4. 创建用户和组
[root@RHEL4 ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@RHEL4 ~]# groupadd dba
[root@RHEL4 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@RHEL4 ~]#
5. 修改参数:
1-在/etc/sysctl.conf的最后添加:
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 //大于或等于物理内存一半或以上即可! kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 fs.file-max = 65536 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 262144 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 2621442-然后,使用sysctl -p 命令,即时生效
[root@RHEL4 ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
[root@RHEL4 ~]#
3-在/etc/security/limits.conf最后面添加:
[root@RHEL4 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
4-在/etc/pam.d/login最后面添加:
[root@RHEL4 ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required pam_limits.so 在/etc/profile最后面添加: [root@RHEL4 ~]# vi /etc/profile if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi6. 创建Oracle 10g R2的安装目录
1-创建oracle安装目录且赋于权限
[root@RHEL4 ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle -p
[root@RHEL4 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
[root@RHEL4 ~]# chmod -R 755 /u01
[root@RHEL4 ~]#
2-设置Oracle的环境变量
在.bash_profile最后面添加:
[root@RHEL4 ~]# su – oracle //切换到oracle用户帐户
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ vi .bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=jiagulun
export NLS_LANG=american_america.zhs16gbk
[root@RHEL4 ~]#exit //退出oracle用户帐户
[root@RHEL4 ~]# su – oracle //重新切换到oracle用户帐户
[oracle@RHEL4 ~]$ ls
接下来请看第2页精彩内容:

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The situations when choosing InnoDB instead of MyISAM include: 1) transaction support, 2) high concurrency environment, 3) high data consistency; conversely, the situation when choosing MyISAM includes: 1) mainly read operations, 2) no transaction support is required. InnoDB is suitable for applications that require high data consistency and transaction processing, such as e-commerce platforms, while MyISAM is suitable for read-intensive and transaction-free applications such as blog systems.

In MySQL, the function of foreign keys is to establish the relationship between tables and ensure the consistency and integrity of the data. Foreign keys maintain the effectiveness of data through reference integrity checks and cascading operations. Pay attention to performance optimization and avoid common errors when using them.

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TocreateanindexinMySQL,usetheCREATEINDEXstatement.1)Forasinglecolumn,use"CREATEINDEXidx_lastnameONemployees(lastname);"2)Foracompositeindex,use"CREATEINDEXidx_nameONemployees(lastname,firstname);"3)Forauniqueindex,use"CREATEU

The main difference between MySQL and SQLite is the design concept and usage scenarios: 1. MySQL is suitable for large applications and enterprise-level solutions, supporting high performance and high concurrency; 2. SQLite is suitable for mobile applications and desktop software, lightweight and easy to embed.

Indexes in MySQL are an ordered structure of one or more columns in a database table, used to speed up data retrieval. 1) Indexes improve query speed by reducing the amount of scanned data. 2) B-Tree index uses a balanced tree structure, which is suitable for range query and sorting. 3) Use CREATEINDEX statements to create indexes, such as CREATEINDEXidx_customer_idONorders(customer_id). 4) Composite indexes can optimize multi-column queries, such as CREATEINDEXidx_customer_orderONorders(customer_id,order_date). 5) Use EXPLAIN to analyze query plans and avoid

Using transactions in MySQL ensures data consistency. 1) Start the transaction through STARTTRANSACTION, and then execute SQL operations and submit it with COMMIT or ROLLBACK. 2) Use SAVEPOINT to set a save point to allow partial rollback. 3) Performance optimization suggestions include shortening transaction time, avoiding large-scale queries and using isolation levels reasonably.


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