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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialHibernate配置---检索策略

Hibernate是一个持久层的框架,不依赖任何容器,支持对象到数据库表的映射,ORM。支持开发中的增删改查操作,将基本的JDBC操作进

Hibernate是一个持久层的框架,不依赖任何容器,支持对象到数据库表的映射,ORM。

支持开发中的增删改查操作,将基本的JDBC操作进行封装,可以通过配置hibernate.cfg.xml来方便的切换数据库。做到了系统和数据库的解偶。

支持数据库连接池,防止高并发导致系统响应慢和系统崩溃。当多用户同时访问应用时,每次请求都会开辟一个连接对象,当开启和关闭时都会有时间的消耗,如果没有访问数据库的限制,那么将导致系统响应越来越慢,内存如果没有及时回收导致系统崩溃。hibernate常用的为c3p0连接池,通过在hibernate.cfg.xml中配置。

检索策略:

多对一配置策略:

在many-to-one元素中可以指定outer-join="true" lazy="false",采用迫切做外连接的方式检索,,使用一条语句查询出与之相关的一端,默认为立即检索,会分别发出语句查询相关联的表。lazy只可以取值:proxy,no-proxy,false。如果要延迟加载一的一端,那么需要在many-to-one中配置outer-join="proxy" ,在one-to-many端的类属性上配置lazy=true

one-to-many元素中可以在set上指定outer-join="true" lazy="false",采用迫切左外连接方式检索,默认立即检索。

如果将lazy设置为true,那么无论outer-join为什么值,都将采用延迟加载。

一对一关联延迟加载配置:

one-to-one

在一端Seal类:

  
   cascade="save-update" lazy="proxy" constrained="true"/>

在另一端SealData:

  table="tsealdata" dynamic-update="true" dynamic-insert="true"
  select-before-update="false" lazy="true">

看红色部分配置,这样可以在查询seal的时候延迟加载sealData。

延迟加载主要可以用在:

Hibernate3.x,lazy默认是打开的
Hibernate Lazy策略使用:
标签,可以取值true/false
标签,可以取值true/false
标签,可以取值true/false/extra
单端关联,可以取值:false/proxy/noproxy
load支持lazy,get不支持,无论持久化类设置与否,都会立即检索。

(1)class标签

默认为true
class上的Lazy,只对普通属性起作用,对集合和 不起作用
即:如果一个类里有Set集合成员变量和需要用 来映射的成员变量,即使在class里设置lazy为false,他们在使用之前也不会加载。需要单独设置lazy,也就是lazy的另外两个用法。
如果在使用load加载了某个对象,但是没有使用,即没有发出SQL语句,就把session给关了,此时,如果再使用这个对象就会抛出LazyInitalizationException。因为对象并没有加载上来,因为使用了lazy策略,只是加载了类的一个代理子类。

(2)集合

默认为true
默认为true情况下,只要使用到了Set对象,就会把整个set全部查询出来。
false情况下,不使用Lazy,查询Lazy所属的对象时,set就会被查询上来。需要类增强工具。
extra情况下,比较智能,根据查询的内容,生成不同的SQL语句。效率会高一些。

(3)单端关联

默认为proxy
false:不使用Lazy。
noproxy:需要类增强工具

(4)property

默认false
true:较少使用,如果某个字段是内容量比较大,可以设置为true,在真正使用的时候再加载。可以提高效率。,但是需要hibernate的工具包,org.hibernate.tool.instrument.cglib借助Ant来对编译完成的class文件做一个增强,实际上是在class文件中加入一些cglib代码,这样hibernate可以在运行时判断属性是否需要立即加载,否则延迟加载。为了达到这个目的需要每次都编译增强,不利于项目维护。采用的方法为:将大字段抽取到一张表里面,然后和基础表建立一对一关联关系,具体是业务来定,当查询的时候就可以借助Hibernate的延迟策略来达到懒加载目的。

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