一条Update更新语句是不能更新多张表的,除非使用触发器隐含更新;而表的更新操作中,在很多情况下需要在表达式中引用要更新的表
一条Update更新语句是不能更新多张表的,除非使用触发器隐含更新;而表的更新操作中,在很多情况下需要在表达式中引用要更新的表以外的数据。
一、MS SQL Server 多表关联更新
sql server提供了update的from 子句,可以将要更新的表与其它的数据源连接起来。虽然只能对一个表进行更新,但是通过将要更新的表与其它的数据源连接起来,就可以在update的表达式中引用要更新的表以外的其它数据。
一般形式:
update A SET 字段1=B表字段表达式, 字段2=B表字段表达式 from B WHERE 逻辑表达式
例如:
UPDATE dbo.Table2
SET dbo.Table2.ColB = dbo.Table2.ColB + dbo.Table1.ColB
FROM dbo.Table2
INNER JOIN dbo.Table1
ON (dbo.Table2.ColA = dbo.Table1.ColA);
实际更新的操作是在要更新的表上进行的,而不是在from子句所形成的新的结果集上进行的。
二、Oracle 多表关联更新
Oracle没有update from语法,可以通过两种实现方式:
1、利用子查询:
update A
SET 字段1=(select 字段表达式 from B WHERE ...),
字段2=(select 字段表达式 from B WHERE ...)
WHERE 逻辑表达式
UPDATE多个字段两种写法:
写法一:
UPDATE table_1 a
SET col_x1 = (SELECT b.col_y1 FROM table_2 b WHERE b.col_n = a.col_m),
col_x2 = (SELECT b.col_y2 FROM table_2 b WHERE b.col_n = a.col_m)
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM table_2 b WHERE b.col_n = a.col_m)
或
UPDATE table_1 a
SET col_x1 = (SELECT b.col_y1 FROM table_2 b WHERE b.col_n = a.col_m),
col_x2 = (SELECT b.col_y2 FROM table_2 b WHERE b.col_n = a.col_m)
WHERE a.col_m=(SELECT b.col_n FROM table_2 b WHERE b.col_n = a.col_m)
写法二:
UPDATE table_1 a
SET (col_x1, col_x2) = (SELECT b.col_y1, b.col_y2 FROM table_2 b WHERE b.col_n = a.col_m)
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM table_2 b WHERE b.col_n = a.col_m);
或
UPDATE table_1 a
SET (col_x1, col_x2) = (SELECT b.col_y1, b.col_y2 FROM table_2 b WHERE b.col_n = a.col_m) WHERE a.col_m=(SELECT b.col_n FROM table_2 b WHERE b.col_n = a.col_m);
注意:
1. 对于子查询的值只能是一个唯一值,不能是多值。
2. 子查询在绝大多数情况下,,最后面的where EXISTS子句是重要的,否则将得到错误的结果;且where EXISTS子句可用另一方法代替,如上。最后的子句是对a表被更新记录的限制,如无此句,对于a表中某记录,如在b表中关联不到对应的记录,则该记录被更新字段将被更新为null;where EXISTS子句就是排除对a表中该情况的记录进行更新。
2、利用视图:
UPDATE (SELECT A.NAME ANAME,B.NAME BNAME FROM A,B WHERE A.ID=B.ID)
SET ANAME=BNAME;
对于视图更新的限制:
如果视图基于多个表的连接,那么用户更新(update)视图记录的能力将受到限制。除非update只涉及一个表且视图列中包含了被更新的表的整个主键,否则不能更新视图的基表。
三、Oracle 多表关联删除
Oracle中的Delete的from子句也没有多表联接的功能,只能通过子查询的方式来做:
DELETE FROM 表A WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM 表B WHERE 表A.empid=表B.empid)
或
DELETE FROM 表A WHERE 表A.empid in (SELECT empid WHERE表B)

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